ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Diverse Galactooligosaccharides Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Galactooligosaccharides Based on β-Galactosidase-Catalyzed Synthesis: Function, Biosynthesis and Optimization Strategy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of fasting and inflammatory challenges on the swine hepatic metabolome.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics · 2025Article
- Effect of Chitooligosaccharides on TLR2/NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Different Galacto-Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Serum Nutrients, and Appetite-Related Hormones in Holstein Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Theabrownin Isolated from Pu-Erh Tea Enhances the Innate Immune and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of RAW264.7 Macrophages via the TLR2/4-Mediated Signaling Pathway.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The effects of natural and synthetic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on inflammation were explored by investigating the structure-activity relationship between the degree of GOS polymerization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, together with the potential underlying mechanism of their anti-inflammatory effects. The results demonstrated that GOS had strong anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, including the inhibition of nitric oxide production and the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and proteins related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. GOS4, which has the highest degree of polymerization, exerted the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the GOS examined. More importantly, our findings confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of GOS on RAW264.7 macrophages via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Our experimental results could provide further support for the exploration of GOS in human nutrition and health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.