ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candidate Biomarkers Linking Periodontitis with Atherosclerotic and Related Cardiovascular Phenotypes: A Systematic Review Focused on Sex-Specific Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Astaxanthin as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Human Health: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Drug Administration on Postoperative Pain in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Pooled it
- Therapeutic Strategies and Genetic Implications for Periodontal Disease Management: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- White Spots: Prevention in Orthodontics-Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Germany's Epidemiological Data on Cleft Lip and Palate After the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A Systematic Literature Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Mechanistic Review of Environmental Stressor to Decode Their Effect on Congenital Malformations: A Developmental Toxicity.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Cleft Lip with or without palate in seven countries with two income levels: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Retrospective Descriptive Case Series on the Use of AMCOPBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy in Cleft Surgery-A Scoping Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Unveiling Epidemiologic Insights: A Case-Control Study of Congenital Cleft Lip and/or Palate Using Association Rule Mining.BioMed research international · 2026Observational
- Introduction to Oral Immunity.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Expanding the Genetic Spectrum of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Through Whole-Exome Sequencing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Orthodontic Extrusion in Daily Clinical Practice: Management of Fractured or Damaged Anterior Teeth.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Proactive Aesthetic Strategies: Evaluating the Preventive Role of Botulinum Toxin in Facial Aging.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Temporary Anchorage Devices in Clear Aligner Therapy: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Management of Oro-Antral Communication: A Systemic Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Burden of orofacial clefts from 1990-2021 at global, regional, and national levels.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Influence of vertical growth pattern on masseter muscle morphology: evidence from cephalometric and ultrasound assessment in eighteen growing subjects.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Article
- Nutrition and diet in children with orofacial clefts in Africa: a scoping review.BMC oral health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
OFCs (orofacial clefts) are among the most frequent congenital defects, but their etiology has yet to be clarified. OFCs affect different structures and functions with social, psychological and economic implications in children and their families. Identifying modifiable risk factors is mandatory to prevent the occurrence of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 2012 to 25 May 2022 and a total of 7668 publications were identified. Studies focusing on the risk factors of NSOFCs were selected, leading to 62 case-control and randomized clinical trials. Risk factors were categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable. The first group includes genetic polymorphisms, gender of the newborn, ethnicity, and familiarity. Within the second group, risk factors that can only be modified before conception (consanguinity, parental age at conception, socio-economical and educational level, area of residency and climate), and risk factors modifiable before and after conception (weight, nutritional state, acute and chronic diseases, psychophysical stress, licit and illicit drugs, alcohol, smoke, pollutants and contaminants) have been distinguished. This study provides a wide overview of the risk factors of NSOFCs, focusing on modifiable ones, to suggest new perspectives in education, prevention, medical interventions and clinical research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.