ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2022
Revisiting the Timing of Insemination at Spontaneous Estrus in Dairy Cattle.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Delayed ovulation in cattle: Physiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and reproductive management strategies.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Influence of ovarian dynamics on fertility in dairy cows: a timed artificial insemination protocol with 12-day progesterone-releasing intravaginal device insertion and ovulation induction with estradiol benzoate.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Heat Synchronization Protocols in Dairy Cattle (Veterinary medicine international · 2026Review
- Comparative Evaluation of Ovsynch and Double Ovsynch Protocols with Single and Double Insemination in Holstein Dairy Cows: Reproductive Performance and Cost Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Improved Pregnancy Outcomes in Beef Heifers Through Delayed Insemination of Sexed Semen.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · 2025Article
- Fixed-time artificial insemination technology in buffaloes: a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Advances in Dairy Cattle Reproduction-A Foreword.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Comparative study of reproductive and estrus characteristics of sexed and conventional semen in crossbred cows under field conditions.Veterinary world · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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Abstract
Cows show spontaneous estrus over 8-20 h but become refractory to the bull about 10-12 h before ovulation. This indicates that ovulation occurs 10-12 h after the end of estrus behavior, yet spermatozoa from the bull ejaculate need to undergo maturation and capacitation for 6 to 8 h in the female reproductive tract before they are capable of fertilization. Traditionally, the onset of estrus has been considered the best timing for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, that is, 6 to 24 h from the first signs of estrus. However, recent findings suggest this interval should be reduced to 16 to 6 h before ovulation, bringing it closer to the end of estrus. In this review, the end of estrus rather than its onset is proposed as the best guide for AI timing in dairy cattle, and physiological indicators of late estrus are discussed such as relaxation of the intravaginal part of the uterus, a lower cervical mucus viscosity and a softer pre-ovulatory follicular consistency as simple cues indicating a cow is ready for service.
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