ReviewBiomedicines2022
Sexual Dimorphism in Interstitial Lung Disease.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lack of diversity in antifibrotic trials for pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-related transcriptomic differences in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Confirming the association of ulcerative colitis with interstitial lung disease: a retrospective analysis of comorbid disease, demographics, and healthcare utilization.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2026Article
- Lung ultrasound B-line quantification in CTD-ILD: a cross-sectional single-center observational study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Sex-specific aspects in a population of patients undergoing evaluation for interstitial lung disease with transbronchial cryobiopsy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in asthma and COPD hospital admission, readmission and mortality.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- A novel Non-rodent animal model of hydrochloric acid-induced acute and chronic lung injury.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Oral arsenite exposure induces inflammation and apoptosis in pulmonary tissue: acute and chronic evaluation in young and adult mice.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Article
- The impact of hormones on lung development and function: an overlooked aspect to consider from early childhood.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Interferon-λ3 rs12979860 can regulate inflammatory cytokines production in pulmonary fibrosis.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Russian Registry of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Clinical Features, Treatment Management, and Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a group of heterogeneous progressive pulmonary disorders, characterised by tissue remodelling and/or fibrotic scarring of the lung parenchyma. ILD patients experience lung function decline with progressive symptoms, poor response to treatment, reduced quality of life and high mortality. ILD can be idiopathic or associated with systemic or connective tissue diseases (CTD) but idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form. While IPF has a male predominance, women are affected more greatly by CTD and therefore associated ILDs. The mechanisms behind biological sex differences in these progressive lung diseases remain unclear. However, differences in environmental exposures, variable expression of X-chromosome related inflammatory genes and sex hormones play a role. Here, we will outline sex-related differences in the incidence, progression and mechanisms of action of these diseases and discuss existing and novel cellular and pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, we will highlight how sex-differences are not adequately considered in pre-clinical disease models, how gender bias exists in clinical diagnosis and how women are underrepresented in clinical trials. Future action on these observations will hopefully shed light on the role of biological sex in disease development, identify potential targets for intervention and increase female participant numbers in clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.