ArticleNeurology2023
Association of Soluble ST2 With Functional Outcome, Perihematomal Edema, and Immune Response After Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage.
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Brain Endothelial Soluble ST2 Production and Cerebral Edema in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- sST2 as a Promising Cardiac Biomarker After Ischemic Stroke With Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Updates in Management of Large Hemispheric Infarct.Seminars in neurology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesPerihematomal edema (PHE) contributes to poor outcome after deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), which is characterized by neuroinflammation and an influx of peripherally derived innate immune cells. We previously identified soluble ST2 (sST2) as a candidate for immune-mediated secondary brain injury. Leveraging prospectively collected cohorts from 2 centers, we sought to determine whether sST2 was associated with functional outcome, PHE, and the immune response following IPH.
methodsPatients with deep IPH were enrolled within 36 hours of ictus, and blood was collected for sST2 and immune cell measurement. Hematoma volume and PHE were measured on serial CT scans. Good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3 at 90 days. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the relationship between sST2 and PHE over time. Flow cytometry was used to identify shifts in immune cell populations associated with sST2. Immunohistochemistry of human brain tissue was used to identify ST2-expressing cells in the perihematomal region.
resultsThe 55 included patients had a median admission Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 (interquartile range [IQR] 9-15), an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score of 1 (IQR 1-2), and a hematoma volume of 8.6 mL (IQR 3.4-13.8 mL). Receiver operating curve analysis found the sST2 level to be predictive of poor outcome with an area under the curve of 0.763 (95% CI 0.632-0.894) and Youden optimum cut point of 61.8 ng/mL ( DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate that elevated sST2 links the peripheral innate immune response to PHE volume and outcome after IPH. This knowledge is relevant to future studies that seek to identify patients with IPH at highest risk for immune-mediated injury or limit injury through targeted interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.