ArticleEnvironmental research2023
A 15-year follow-up study of mortality in a pooled cohort of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers.
Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Carcinogenic Potential of Jet Fuels: A Fit-for-Purpose Systematic Literature Review.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of World Trade Center Health Program on mortality among 9/11 responders.Annals of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Non-invasive liver fibrosis scores and mortality in a cohort of World Trade Center rescue/recovery workers.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Exposure to the World Trade Center Disaster, Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life Nearly 20 Years After 9/11.American journal of industrial medicine · 2025Article
- Disparities in Utilization of the World Trade Center Health Program Among World Trade Center Rescue and Recovery Workers and Volunteers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Exposure-Informed Care Following Toxic Environmental Exposures: A Lifestyle Medicine Approach.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
- Microbial conversion of Limonene-containing waste into transesterifiable bio-lipids: Evaluating oleaginous bacterial isolates.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Mortality in a cohort of WTC-exposed law-enforcement officers compared to non-WTC law-enforcement officers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment in World Trade Center Exposed Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) and General Emergency Responders.American journal of industrial medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in mortality among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees with post-9/11 cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- The Long-Term Physical-Psychiatric Comorbidities Related to Childhood Exposure to 9/11 Trauma.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of WTC-exposed and non-WTC-exposed firefighters.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHazardous exposures from the World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks have been linked to increased incidence of adverse health conditions, often associated with increased mortality. We assessed mortality in a pooled cohort of WTC rescue/recovery workers over 15 years of follow-up. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe analyzed mortality through 2016 in a pooled and deduplicated cohort of WTC rescue/recovery workers from three WTC-exposed cohorts (N = 60,631): the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY); the WTC Health Registry (WTCHR); and the General Responder Cohort (GRC). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated to assess mortality vs. the US and NY state populations. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of WTC exposures (date of first arrival, working on the WTC debris pile) with mortality risk.
resultsThere were 1912 deaths over 697,943.33 person-years of follow-up. The SMR for all-cause mortality was significantly lower-than-expected, both when using US (SMR 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.45) and NYS (SMR 0.51, 95% CI 0.49-0.53) as reference populations. SMRs were not elevated for any of the 28 major causes of death. Arriving at the WTC site on 9/11-9/17/2001 vs. 9/18/2001-6/30/2002 was associated with 30-50% higher risk of all-cause, heart disease and smoking-related mortality in non-FDNY/non-GRC members. Conversely, arriving on 9/11/2001 vs. 9/18/2001-6/30/2002 was associated with 40% lower all-cause and smoking-related mortality risk in FDNY members. Working on vs. off the WTC pile was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in non-FDNY/non-GRC members (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.50), and cancer-specific mortality in GRC members (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.84), but lower mortality risks were found in FDNY members.
conclusionsWe did not observe excess mortality among WTC rescue/recovery workers compared with general populations. However, significantly increased mortality risks among some sub-groups with high WTC exposure warrant further investigation.
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