ArticleToxins2022
A Thermostable Dissolving Microneedle Vaccine with Recombinant Protein of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A.
Article in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in veterinary drug and vaccine delivery: from conventional delivery methods to innovative transdermal approaches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Pharmacogenomic characterization of a uric acid metabolism-related signature associated with prognosis and drug sensitivity in gastric cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Optimizing snake fang-inspired microneedles for transdermal liquid drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Booster Immunisation with Skin-Patch-Delivered Unadjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine Is Safe and Immunogenic in Healthy Adults.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Novel Administration Routes, Delivery Vectors, and Application of Vaccines Based on Biotechnologies: A Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs a Class A bioterrorism agent, botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) carries the risk of being used by terrorists to cause mass poisoning. The microneedle (MN) patch has a great potential for application as a novel vaccine delivery method. The aim of this study is to develop a thermally stable, dissolving microneedle patch for the delivery of a recombinant protein vaccine using a recombinant C-terminal heavy chain of BoNT/A (Hc of BoNT/A, AHc) to prevent botulism.
methodsFish gelatin, a natural non-toxic and bacteriostatic material, was selected as the microneedle matrix for the preparation of the dissolving microneedle vaccine. Subsequently, the mechanical performance, bacteriostatic properties, vaccination effect, and stability of the microneedle patches were evaluated using instruments such as the displacement-force test station and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanner.
resultsFish gelatin matrix at high concentrations has good bacteriostatic properties, and excellent mechanical performance and vaccination effect, meeting the necessities of a vaccine. In both in vivo and in vitro neutralization experiments, MN vaccines containing different antigen doses achieved the same protective efficacy as subcutaneous vaccinations, protecting mice against 10
conclusionIn this study, we successfully prepared a bacteriostatic MN patch using a fish gelatin matrix that not only has a good vaccination effect, but also obviates the need for a cold chain for the AHc vaccine, providing the possibility of rapid, painless, and large-scale vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.