Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36548479›Full record

ArticleACS synthetic biology2023

A Low-Cost, Thermostable, Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Platform for On-Demand Production of Conjugate Vaccines.

Katherine F Warfel, Asher Williams, Derek A Wong, Sarah E Sobol, Primit Desai, Jie Li, Yung-Fu Chang, Matthew P DeLisa, Ashty S Karim, Michael C Jewett

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS synthetic biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  5. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Synthetic Biology Approaches to Enzymology in Food and Agriculture Systems.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Microbial Biotechnology in Medicine.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Enhancing vaccine stability in transdermal microneedle platforms.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025
    Review
  16. Breakthrough inActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Katherine F WarfelDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7780-6294
Asher WilliamsRobert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United States.
Derek A WongDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1405-7310
Sarah E SobolDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Primit DesaiBiochemistry, Molecular & Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United States.
Jie LiDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
Yung-Fu ChangDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
Matthew P DeLisaRobert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3226-1566
Ashty S KarimDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
Michael C JewettDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2948-6211
Cornell University · USNorthwestern University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell-free protein synthesis systems that can be lyophilized for long-term, non-refrigerated storage and transportation have the potential to enable decentralized biomanufacturing. However, increased thermostability and decreased reaction cost are necessary for further technology adoption. Here, we identify maltodextrin as an additive to cell-free reactions that can act as both a lyoprotectant to increase thermostability and a low-cost energy substrate. As a model, we apply optimized formulations to produce conjugate vaccines for ∼$0.50 per dose after storage at room temperature (∼22 °C) or 37 °C for up to 4 weeks, and ∼$1.00 per dose after storage at 50 °C for up to 4 weeks, with costs based on raw materials purchased at the laboratory scale. We show that these conjugate vaccines generate bactericidal antibodies against enterotoxigenic

Indexed as

Escherichia coliAnimalsDrug CompoundingMiceVaccines, ConjugateVaccines, Conjugatecell-free protein synthesisconjugate vaccinedecentralized biomanufacturingglycosylationlyophilizationlyoprotectant

Identifiers

PMID36548479
PMCPMC9872175
OpenAlexW4312113862

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.