ArticlePloS one2022
Delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Predictors and implications for patient outcome.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychiatric Involvement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Is Embedded in Multi-Organ Disease: A Retrospective Five-Axis Record-Derived Phenotype Atlas with Renal-Urinary Prognostic Dominance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predicting delirium in critically Ill COVID-19 patients using EEG-derived data: a machine learning approach.GeroScience · 2026Observational
- Trends in Proportion of Delirium Among Older Emergency Department Patients in South Korea, 2017-2022.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on longitudinal trends of surgical mortality and inpatient quality of care in Ontario, Canada.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Incidence of Delirium in ICU Patients With and Without COVID-19 in a Costa Rican Hospital.Cureus · 2024Article
- Persistent Neurological Deficits in Mouse PASC Reveal Antiviral Drug Limitations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Discovery of Delirium Biomarkers through Minimally Invasive Serum Molecular Fingerprinting.Metabolites · 2024Article
- High-dose glucocorticoids in COVID-19 patients with acute encephalopathy: clinical and imaging findings in a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations in Geriatric Patients with Dementia in the United States: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a prospective, multicenter, cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- ICU Delirium Is Associated with Cardiovascular Burden and Higher Mortality in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical features and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and Parkinsonian disorders: A multicentre UK-based study.PloS one · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDelirium is recognized as a severe complication of coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19-associated delirium has been linked to worse patient outcomes and is considered to be of multifactorial origin. Here we sought to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, along with its impact on clinical outcome.
methodsConsecutive adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary academic referral hospital between March 1st and December 31st, 2020 were included. Potential risk factors for delirium were evaluated, including: age, gender, disease severity (as per the highest WHO grading reached during admission), laboratory parameters for infection and renal function (as per their most extreme values), and presence of comorbidities. To assess the relative strength of risk factors for predicting the occurrence of delirium, we performed a random-forest survival analysis.
results347 patients with positive COVID-19 PCR test and median age 68.2 [IQR 55.5, 80.5] years were included. Of those, 79 patients (22.8%) developed delirium, 81 (23.3%) were transferred to ICU, 58 (16.7%) died. 163 (73.8%) patients were discharged home, 13 (5.9%) to another hospital, 32 (14.5%) to nursing homes, 13 (5.9%) to rehabilitation with an overall median admission-to-discharge time of 53 [IQR 14, 195] days. The strongest predictors for the occurrence of delirium were blood urea nitrogen (minimal depth value (MD): 3.33), age (MD: 3.75), disease severity (as captured by WHO grading; MD: 3.93), leukocyte count (MD: 4.22), the presence of a neurodegenerative history (MD: 4.43), ferritin (MD: 4.46) and creatinine (MD: 4.59) levels.
conclusionThe risk of delirium in COVID-19 can be stratified based on COVID-19 disease severity and-similar to delirium associated with other respiratory infections-the factors advanced age, neurodegenerative disease history, and presence of elevated infection and renal-retention parameters. Screening for these risk factors may facilitate early identification of patients at high-risk for COVID-19-associated delirium.
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