ArticleNursing reports (Pavia, Italy)2022
Influence of Skin Phototype on the Level of Pain Perceived by Patients Receiving Enoxaparin: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of the coughing technique during subcutaneous heparin injection on pain severity and individual satisfaction.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2023Trial
- Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype Is Independently Associated with Differential Short-Term Cutaneous Reactivity Following Standardized Topical Provocation in Humans.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is commonly used as an antithrombotic in patients with reduced mobility. Its administration is performed by invasive technique (injections) that can cause pain: (1) Background: Pain and bruising are the most common side effects in patients treated with LMWH, but the skin phototype (PT) has never been included; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, developed in the Hospital Unit of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery over one year. To classify all participants in the sample considering their skin PT and the different pain levels "during" and "after" the administration of enoxaparin. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the study. Data analyses were carried out: descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of Variance ANOVA of a non-parametric factor; (3) Results: The sample was 202 participants. The most frequent skin PTs were PT II 43.6% and PT III 33.2%. Mean pain after injection (1.96) was greater than pain during injection (1.4). Better natural protection against sunlight (high PT) would indicate greater post-injection pain; (4) Conclusions: Participants with a medium-high phototype (≥III) perceive a greater pain sensation than participants with a low phototype (≤II) after the administration of enoxaparin.
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