ArticleInternational journal of bipolar disorders2022
Lithium induced hypercalcemia: an expert opinion and management algorithm.
Article in International journal of bipolar disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of prevalence and surgical outcomes.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D as a Lifespan Neuroimmune Signal in Psychiatry: From Developmental Risk to Precision Nutrition.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Vitamin D and calcium metabolism in bipolar disorder: a scoping review of contradictory evidence.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Review
- Does hypothalamic CCN3 hypersecretion confer postpartum mood disorder risk?Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Endocrine and Metabolic Challenges of Long-Term Lithium Therapy: Diagnostic and Management Considerations.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following improved medication compliance: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Lithium: current state of the art and future directions.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Review
- Lithium: how low can you go?International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of lithium in Alzheimer's disease: repurposing an old class of drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The true effect of lithium is hard to determine.BJPsych open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 18 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLithium is the gold standard prophylactic treatment for bipolar disorder. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend regular calcium assessments as part of monitoring lithium treatment, but easy-to-implement specific management strategies in the event of abnormal calcium levels are lacking.
methodsBased on a narrative review of the effects of lithium on calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) homeostasis and its clinical implications, experts developed a step-by-step algorithm to guide the initial management of emergent hypercalcemia during lithium treatment.
resultsIn the event of albumin-corrected plasma calcium levels above the upper limit, PTH and calcium levels should be measured after two weeks. Measurement of PTH and calcium levels should preferably be repeated after one month in case of normal or high PTH level, and after one week in case of low PTH level, independently of calcium levels. Calcium levels above 2.8 mmol/l may require a more acute approach. If PTH and calcium levels are normalized, repeated measurements are suggested after six months. In case of persistent PTH and calcium abnormalities, referral to an endocrinologist is suggested since further examination may be needed.
conclusionsStandardized consensus driven management may diminish the potential risk of clinicians avoiding the use of lithium because of uncertainties about managing side-effects and consequently hindering some patients from receiving an optimal treatment.
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