Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36547495›Full record

ArticleJournal of imaging2022

Effects of Image Quality on the Accuracy Human Pose Estimation and Detection of Eye Lid Opening/Closing Using Openpose and DLib.

Run Zhou Ye, Arun Subramanian, Daniel Diedrich, Heidi Lindroth, Brian Pickering, Vitaly Herasevich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of imaging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Run Zhou YePrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0333-1767
Arun SubramanianDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
Daniel DiedrichDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
Heidi LindrothDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5389-4701
Brian PickeringDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
Vitaly HerasevichDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0214-0651

Funding

CIHR 202111FBD-476587-76355
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe application of computer models in continuous patient activity monitoring using video cameras is complicated by the capture of images of varying qualities due to poor lighting conditions and lower image resolutions. Insufficient literature has assessed the effects of image resolution, color depth, noise level, and low light on the inference of eye opening and closing and body landmarks from digital images.

methodThis study systematically assessed the effects of varying image resolutions (from 100 × 100 pixels to 20 × 20 pixels at an interval of 10 pixels), lighting conditions (from 42 to 2 lux with an interval of 2 lux), color-depths (from 16.7 M colors to 8 M, 1 M, 512 K, 216 K, 64 K, 8 K, 1 K, 729, 512, 343, 216, 125, 64, 27, and 8 colors), and noise levels on the accuracy and model performance in eye dimension estimation and body keypoint localization using the Dlib library and OpenPose with images from the Closed Eyes in the Wild and the COCO datasets, as well as photographs of the face captured at different light intensities.

resultsThe model accuracy and rate of model failure remained acceptable at an image resolution of 60 × 60 pixels, a color depth of 343 colors, a light intensity of 14 lux, and a Gaussian noise level of 4% (i.e., 4% of pixels replaced by Gaussian noise).

conclusionsThe Dlib and OpenPose models failed to detect eye dimensions and body keypoints only at low image resolutions, lighting conditions, and color depths. CLINICAL IMPACT: Our established baseline threshold values will be useful for future work in the application of computer vision in continuous patient monitoring.

Indexed as

deep learningfacial feature extractionimage qualitypose estimation

Identifiers

PMID36547495
PMCPMC9783075

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.