ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2023
β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Early Type 1 Diabetes From a 2-Hour 7-Sample OGTT.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trajectory of beta cell function and insulin clearance in stage 2 type 1 diabetes: natural history and response to teplizumab.Diabetologia · 2025Trial
- Shared non-HLA genetic architecture across diverse ancestries links insulin secretion and resistance to type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Automated Oral Minimal Models for Rapid Estimation of Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Responsivity in Large-Scale Data Sets: A Validation Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes Using Modeling of β Cell Function.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet: Leading the Charge in Disease Prediction, Prevention, and Immunotherapeutic Mechanistic Understanding.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Review
- Early Dysglycemia Is Detectable Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Very Young Children at Risk of Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- SAAM II: A general mathematical modeling rapid prototyping environment.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- Early Metabolic Endpoints Identify Persistent Treatment Efficacy in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Trials.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Quantifying beta cell function in the preclinical stages of type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe oral minimal model is a widely accepted noninvasive tool to quantify both β-cell responsiveness and insulin sensitivity (SI) from glucose, C-peptide, and insulin concentrations during a 3-hour 9-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
objectiveHere, we aimed to validate a 2-hour 7-point protocol against the 3-hour OGTT and to test how variation in early sampling frequency impacts estimates of β-cell responsiveness and SI.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis on 15 lean youth with stage 1 type 1 diabetes (T1D; ≥ 2 islet autoantibodies with no dysglycemia) who underwent a 3-hour 9-point OGTT. The oral minimal model was used to quantitate β-cell responsiveness (φtotal) and insulin sensitivity (SI), allowing assessment of β-cell function by the disposition index (DI = φtotal × SI). Seven- and 5-point 2-hour OGTT protocols were tested against the 3-hour 9-point gold standard to determine agreement between estimates of φtotal and its dynamic and static components, SI, and DI across different sampling strategies.
resultsThe 2-hour estimates for the disposition index exhibited a strong correlation with 3-hour measures (r = 0.975; P < .001) with similar results for β-cell responsiveness and SI (r = 0.997 and r = 0.982; P < .001, respectively). The agreement of the 3 estimates between the 7-point 2-hour and 9-point 3-hour protocols fell within the 95% CI on the Bland-Altman grid with a median difference of 16.9% (-35.3 to 32.5), 0.2% (-0.6 to 1.3), and 14.9% (-1.4 to 28.3) for DI, φtotal, and SI. Conversely, the 5-point protocol did not provide reliable estimates of φ dynamic and static components.
conclusionThe 2-hour 7-point OGTT is reliable in individuals with stage 1 T1D for assessment of β-cell responsiveness, SI, and DI. Incorporation of these analyses into current 2-hour diabetes staging and monitoring OGTTs offers the potential to more accurately quantify risk of progression in the early stages of T1D.
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