ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
The efficacy of neuro-optometric visual rehabilitation therapy in patients with visual snow syndrome.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual snow syndrome as a neuropsychiatric network disorder: clinical features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Visual Snow Syndrome: Therapeutic Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Balance Tracking System (BTrackS) for Postural Control Assessment/Training - a Decade of Research.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic and Management Strategies of Visual Snow Syndrome: Current Perspectives.Eye and brain · 2025Review
- Visual Snow: Updates and Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Understanding visual perception in visual snow syndrome: a battery of psychophysical tests plus the 30-day clinical diary.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Neuro-optometric treatment for visual snow syndrome: recent advances.Concussion (London, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study intends to evaluate the feasibility of Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Therapy (NORT) to treat Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS). This pilot study utilized the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) to assess quality of life (QOL) before and after treatment. Methods: Twenty-one participants were recruited as successive intake patients diagnosed with VSS at the clinics of Dr. Terry Tsang Optometry, Inc and Neuro-Vision Associates of North Texas. Participants completed the NEI Visual Function Questionnaire 25-2000 edition and performed NORT, conducted by a neuro-optometrist or a qualified vision therapist. The NEI-VFQ-25 was administered before, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks of NORT to evaluate the effects of treatment on patient QOL. Results: The participants demonstrated an improvement in QOL composite and subscale scores after 6 and 12 weeks of NORT treatment. The NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores from the pre-test (M = 68, SD = 18) and at 6 weeks of treatment (M = 75, SD = 17) indicate an improvement in QOL [t (20) = 4.0, Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with VSS experience improvement in QOL in as little as 6 weeks, with further improvement by 12 weeks of NORT. This suggests NORT is an effective treatment option for managing the condition and improving QOL in patients with VSS, although a reduction in specific symptoms has yet to be demonstrated. This study provides justification that NORT warrants further investigation on VSS symptom reduction.
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