ReviewCureus2022
The Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Acid Hypersecretion-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Systematic Review (2022).
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between medication use and vitamin BBMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Pantoprazole and other proton pump inhibitors, sleep, and cardiovascular safety: weak but plausible evidence.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- Linking the relationship between drug-induced osteoporosis and the gut microbiota.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Current Medical Controversies in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Resolvin D1 values in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Concomitant use of metformin and proton pump inhibitors increases vitamin B12 deficiency risk in type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Article
- Drug-Induced Cognitive Impairment.Drug safety · 2025Review
- Review
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor-Acid Suppressive Treatment Can Cause Vitamin BInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Multimorbidity patterns and trajectories in young and middle-aged adults: a large-scale population-based cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Review
- Are Proton Pump Inhibitors Contributing in Emerging New Hypertensive Population?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- Risk Factors and Comorbidities Associated With Vitamin BJournal of primary care & community healthArticle
- Multidisciplinary Consensus for Rationalizing the Use of Acid Suppressants in Children and Adults: CONFOR.Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterologyReview
- Association between proton pump inhibitor use and vitamin B12 deficiency: a retrospective cohort study in primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
- Frequency of comorbid diseases with high serum Vitamin B12 levels in patients attending King Salman Medical City (KSAMC), at Madinah.International journal of health sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease, for which proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a widely used class of drugs. Due to their efficacy and relative safety profile, PPIs are used chronically by GERD patients. Although it is a safe drug, particular attention focuses on the long-term adverse effects of PPI. The association with vitamin deficiencies has received additional focus since chronic PPI treatment increases the incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency, especially in the elderly. However, numerous studies regarding the establishment of an association between PPI and vitamin B12 status revealed conflicting results. In this systematic review, we systematically examined observational studies that focused on the impact of chronic PPI effects on vitamin B12 absorption and diagnostic biomarkers of vitamin B12 deficiency. Our review showed significant changes in diagnostic biomarkers of vitamin B12 status in long-term PPI users, including elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentration levels defining cellular vitamin B12 deficiency. Although there is uncertainty regarding the exact mechanism, it supports the concept that long-term intake of PPI can have clinical implications for vitamins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.