ArticleFrontiers in psychology2022
Analyzing when parental warmth but without parental strictness leads to more adolescent empathy and self-concept: Evidence from Spanish homes.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ambivalent self-concept and feared self mediates the relationship between negative early life experiences and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Positive parenting style and academic burnout in physical education teacher education students: a chain mediating model of physical activity and meaning in life.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Parenting profiles and dimensions in relation to children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the ECHO program.PloS one · 2026Article
- Raising Generation Z Children in China: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment.Psychosocial intervention · 2025Article
- Prenatal Superstorm Sandy stress and postnatal affectionless control as a conjoint risk for child psychopathology.Journal of child and family studies · 2025Article
- Raising to conformity without strictness: is it achievable?Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Parenting style and the non-cognitive development of high school student: evidence from rural China.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Parent-child attachment mediates the association between parental conflict perceptions and suicide intention: a cross-sectional survey among middle school students in China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Early Family Experiences, Drug Use, and Psychosocial Adjustment across the Life Span: Is Parental Strictness Always a Protective Factor?Psychosocial intervention · 2024Article
- Resilience promotes self-esteem in children and adolescents with hearing impairment: the mediating role of positive coping strategy.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Maternal and Paternal Authoritarian Parenting and Adolescents' Impostor Feelings: The Mediating Role of Parental Psychological Control and the Moderating Role of Child's Gender.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Parenting Practices and Adolescents' Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Perceived Maternal and Paternal Acceptance-Rejection and Adolescents' Self-Efficacy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Parenting styles, empathy and aggressive behavior in preschool children: an examination of mediating mechanisms.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Parenting style and children emotion management skills among Chinese children aged 3-6: the chain mediation effect of self-control and peer interactions.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Effect of parental rearing styles on adolescent ego identity: the mediating role of involutionary attitudes.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The Role of Maternal Personality Organization and of the p Factor in Predicting Parental Distress, the Quality of Parental Care, and Offspring's Dysregulation Symptoms.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- The emotional intelligence of today's parents - influences on parenting style and parental competence.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The effect of the time parents spend with children on children's well-being.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Parental Socialization and Adjustment Components in Adolescents and Middle-Aged Adults: How are They Related?Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Validation of the self-compassion scale in a sample of Italian special needs teacher.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Classical research mainly conducted with European-American families has identified the combination of warmth and strictness (authoritative style) as the parenting always associated with the highest scores on developmental outcomes. Additionally, despite the benefits of empathy for prosocial behaviors and protection against antisocial behaviors, most research has considered the contribution of specific practices (e.g., reasoning or power assertion), but not so much the parenting styles. Similarly, family studies tend to study the relationship between parenting and global self-perceptions (self-esteem), but not so much those of each dimension (self-concept). Methods: In the present study, 600 Spanish adolescents from 12 to 17 years old ( Results: The results showed that the indulgent parenting (warmth but not strictness) was related to equal or even better empathy and self-concept than the authoritative style (warmth and strictness), whereas non-warm parenting (authoritarian and neglectful) was consistently associated with poor results. Discussion: Overall, the present findings seriously question that parental strictness combined with parental warmth (authoritative style) is always the parenting style related to the greatest outcomes. By contrast, it seems that reasoning, warmth and involvement, without strictness (indulgent parenting) help adolescents to achieve a good orientation toward others in terms of cognitive and affective empathy and a good self-evaluation in terms of self-concept.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.