ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2022
The non-linear link between remnant cholesterol and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between remnant cholesterol and incident diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of Remnant Cholesterol as an Independent Atherogenic Lipoprotein in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- Residual cholesterol correlates with mild cognitive impairment, particularly for executive dysfunction among male individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Correlation between C-peptide and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations between non-traditional lipid parameters and normoglycemic reversion in Chinese adults with prediabetes: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Link between remnant cholesterol and the reversion to normoglycemia in Chinese adults with prediabetes: a 5-year cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Remnant cholesterol is correlated with retinal vascular morphology and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Remnant cholesterol, but not other cholesterol parameters, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveResearch on residual cholesterol (RC) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains limited. As a result, the current study was designed to investigate the relationship between RC and DR in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).
methodsThis cross-sectional study consecutively and non-selectively collected a total of 1964 type 2 diabetic mellitus patients in two hospitals in Taiwan from April 2002 to November 2004. A binary logistic regression model was then used to assess the independent relationship between RC level and DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). A generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting were used to investigate the actual shape of the curve between them. It was stated that the data had been uploaded to the website: https://journals.plos.org/plosone .
resultsThe average age of the participants was 64.10+/- 11.32 years old, with 42.92% being male. The prevalence of DR and PDR was 35.13 and 18.13%, respectively. The mean RC level was 30.57 ± 14.60 mg/dL. We found no significant association between RC and DR (OR = 1.001; 95% CI 0.991, 1.011) or PDR (OR = 1.008; 95% CI 0.995, 1.021) based on a fully adjusted logistic regression model. Results remained robust across a series of sensitivity analyses. However, a non-linear relationship was detected between RC and DR. Using a two-piece logistic regression model and a recursive algorithm, we found an inflection point of RC was 13.0 mg/dL. A 1-unit increase in the RC level was associated with 19.4% greater adjusted odds of DR (OR = 1.194; 95% CI 1.070, 1.333) when RC < 13.0 mg/dL. There was also a non-linear relationship between RC and PDR, and the inflection point of the RC was 39.0 mg/dL. When RC < 39.0 mg/dL, a 1-unit increase in the RC level was associated with 2.1% greater adjusted odds of PDR (OR = 1.021; 95% CI 1.004, 1.038).
conclusionThis study demonstrates a non-linear relationship between RC and DR or PDR in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Our findings provide new insights into advancing research on the link between RC and DR or PDR.
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