Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36543972›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2023

An Analytical Solution for Saturable Absorption in Pharmacokinetics Models.

C O S Sorzano, M A Perez-de-la-Cruz Moreno, J L Vilas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Recent Advances in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for BCS III Drugs.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

C O S SorzanoNational Center of Biotechnology, CSIC., Madrid, Spain. coss@cnb.csic.es.
M A Perez-de-la-Cruz MorenoKinestat Pharma, Madrid, Spain.
J L VilasNational Center of Biotechnology, CSIC., Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-3704

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe first-order absorption is a common model used in Pharmacokinetics. The absorption of some drugs follows carrier mediated transport. It has been proposed that the amount of drug available may saturate the transport mechanism resulting in an absorption slower than the one predicted by the first-order model. Saturable absorption has been modeled at the differential equation level by substituting the constant rate absorption by a Hill kinetics absorption. However, its exact solution is so far unknown. The goal of this is to know the exact solution of different Hill kinetic absorption models.

methodsWe start defining different absorption models and increasing then their complexity. The simplest case is the first-order absorption model and the most complex will be a generalized Hill kinetic absorption model. The differential equation of each model is integrated.

resultsThe complexity of the models their solutions may be not expressed in a close-form, or in term of elementary functions. We obtain and discuss the exact solutions of the different Hill kinetics absorption models. To do that, the solutions are studied according to the possible values of the free parameters of the models. We show the differences between models through simulations.

conclusionsThe knowledge of closed-form solutions allows to illustrate the differences between the different absorption models and minimizes the errors of numerical integration.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalPharmacokineticsChemical PhenomenaKineticsabsorption modelHill kineticsPharmacokineticssaturable absorption

Identifiers

PMID36543972
PMCPMC9944386

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.