ArticleScientific reports2022
Preparation, characterization and in-vivo efficacy study of glatiramer acetate (GA)-hydrogel-microparticles as novel drug delivery system for GA in RRMS.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrogels: current biomedical applications and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Next-generation neurotherapeutics: nanotechnology, immunotherapy, and gene editing for neurodegenerative diseases.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetic profile andDrug delivery · 2025Article
- Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Glatiramer acetate in situ forming gel, a new approach for multiple sclerosis treatment.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Low-cost inertial microfluidic device for microparticle separation: A laser-Ablated PMMA lab-on-a-chip approach without a cleanroom.HardwareX · 2023Article
- Anisotropic, Hydrogel Microparticles as pH-Responsive Drug Carriers for Oral Administration of 5-FU.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic Central nervous system autoimmune disease. There is no absolute treatment for MS and the available remedies are called disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Glatiramer acetate (GA) is one of the FDA approved DMTs. Currently, injection-site problems and unfavorable daily injection are the most common milestones in administration of GA. So that, the design of improved drug delivery systems with sustained release profile seem necessary and helpful in order to minimize GA adverse effects and improve patients' compliance. In this study, we have manufactured a novel chitosan-PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) hydrogel-microparticles containing GA by double emulsion method. Hydrogel-microparticles' properties including size, morphology and GA loading were investigated. In-vitro drug release was studied during 30 days. In vivo efficacy of GA-hydrogel-microparticles was evaluated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an established animal model for MS. Pathological studies were performed through H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining of brain, spine, liver, skin and kidney tissues. Luxol fast blue staining of brain tissue was also done. The obtained results were applied for safety and efficacy evaluations. GA loading and Entrapment efficiency (EE %) of 60% and 95% were achieved, respectively. In- vitro release studies confirms a sustained release profile for GA-hydrogel-microparticles. Mean clinical scores and mean body weights obtained from EAE animal model for GA-hydrogel-microparticles were compared to the outcomes achieved from conventional Iranian brand-generic injection solution of GA (Copamer
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