ReviewJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2023
Emerging Roles of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Immunoregulation and Pathogenesis.
Review in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Link Between Obesity, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Extracorporeal Cytokine Removal in Patients with Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Trial
- First-in-Human Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Anti-GDF15 Antibody AZD8853 in Patients with Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2025Trial
- Elevated Plasma GDF-15 Levels are Associated with the Immune Non-Responder Phenotype in People with HIV.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Bacterial serine protease EspP induces differentiation and expansion of enteroendocrine cells in human colonoids.Physiological genomics · 2026Article
- GDF15 modulates aging-associated adaptions in the mechanoresponse of periodontal ligament fibroblasts.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- AAV-NRF2 protects retinal and choroidal vasculature in a GDF15-dependent manner in an oxidative damage model of AMD.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Prognostic Value and Barriers to Clinical Implementation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- GDF15: A Hijacked Metabo-Hormone Orchestrating Cachexia and Immunosuppression in Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Compartment-Specific Associations of GDF15 With Intraocular Cytokines in Patients With Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- High-Intensity Statin Treatment Is Associated With Reduced Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Observational
- Fatty acid synthesis therapy-induced senescence (FASTIS) in cancer cells.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Inflammaging mediates testosterone declines in men while maintaining high testosterone increases mortality risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Biomarker of Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Elevated Plasma GDF-15 Levels Are Associated with Aging, Multimorbidity, and Tobacco Exposure in People with HIV.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Physical Fitness Dynamics Shape Immune Remodeling in Healthy Aging: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Plasma Proteomic Analysis ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 - a new molecular target in inflammatory bowel disease: Progress and challenges.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- GDF-15 Levels in Cirrhosis Are Linked to Hepatic Fibrogenesis, Bacterial Translocation, and Worse Clinical Outcomes.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- N-formyl methionine peptide-driven neutrophil activation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a cytokine that is widely used as a biomarker for the severity of diverse disease states. It also has been shown to play a protective role after tissue injury and to promote a negative energy balance during obesity and diabetes. In addition to its metabolic effects, GDF-15 also regulates the host's immune responses to infectious and noninfectious diseases. GDF-15 can suppress a type 1 and, in contrast, promote a type 2 inflammatory response. In this brief review, we discuss how GDF-15 affects the effector function and recruitment of immune cells, the pathways that induce its expression, and the diverse mechanisms by which it is regulated during inflammation and infection. We further highlight outstanding questions that should be the focus of future investigations in this emerging field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.