ArticleScience translational medicine2022
Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic effect of anti-neuroinflammatory supplement combined with olfactory training on post-covid olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Neurobiological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction: a ten-year bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Long COVID: A Mixed Method Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The APOLLO trial: a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in COVID-19-related postinfectious olfactory dysfunction.Chemical senses · 2026Trial
- Review
- Lost and Found: Is Olfactory Recovery More Promising After COVID-19 Than Other Causes, Even 2 Years Later?International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Olfactory-Cleft Biopsy in Alzheimer's Disease: An Emerging Neuroimmune Window into Preclinical Pathobiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cadherin 1 negatively regulates SARS-CoV-2 infection in the olfactory epithelium.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2026Review
- Cell-type Plasticity Supports Behavioral Adaptations at the Water-to-Land Interface.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neurologic Manifestations of Long COVID Affect Adult Females More Severely Than Males.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Effects of acute intranasal allergen exposure on resident immune cells and sensory neurons in the mouse olfactory epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Translational insights into Long-COVID: evaluation of preclinical animal models along the lung-brain-immune axis with focus on Golden Syrian Hamsters.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- A spatial code governs olfactory receptor choice and aligns sensory maps in the nose and brain.Cell · 2026Article
- One-year longitudinal cohort study of chemosensory recovery and plasma biomarker dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 survivors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Senescence-like cells recruit γδ T cells to drive prolonged hyposmia after SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Unique nasal cell states induced by common pediatric respiratory viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes profound changes in the sense of smell, including total smell loss. Although these alterations are often transient, many patients with COVID-19 exhibit olfactory dysfunction that lasts months to years. Although animal and human autopsy studies have suggested mechanisms driving acute anosmia, it remains unclear how SARS-CoV-2 causes persistent smell loss in a subset of patients. To address this question, we analyzed olfactory epithelial samples collected from 24 biopsies, including from nine patients with objectively quantified long-term smell loss after COVID-19. This biopsy-based approach revealed a diffuse infiltrate of T cells expressing interferon-γ and a shift in myeloid cell population composition, including enrichment of CD207
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.