ArticleLupus2023
The cost of flares among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without lupus nephritis in the United States.
Article in Lupus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Understanding the Evidence Gaps in the Epidemiology and Burden of Lupus Nephritis and Membranous Nephropathy: A Targeted Literature Review.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Review
- Real-world treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilisation and costs in patients with SLE in the USA.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- Scoping Review of Economic Analyses of Rare Kidney Diseases.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with a newly confirmed diagnosis of lupus nephritis in the United States over a 5-year follow-up period.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Flares in Lupus Nephritis: Risk Factors and Strategies for Their Prevention.Current rheumatology reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAssess healthcare costs associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares among patients with and without lupus nephritis (LN).
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used medical and pharmacy claims data from the United States-based Optum Clinformatics database to identify adults with SLE between 1 January 2016, and 31 December 2018. Index was the date of a patient's earliest SLE diagnosis claim during the identification period. Patients were categorized based on ICD-9/-10 diagnosis codes into one of two cohorts: SLE with LN (LN) and SLE without LN (non-LN). Baseline characteristics were assessed in the 12 months preceding index (baseline period). The presence, severity, and healthcare costs (in 2019 US dollars) of flares were determined in the 12 months following index (follow-up period).
resultsOverall, 11,663 patients with SLE were included (LN,
conclusionsPatients with SLE with LN have greater healthcare costs than those without LN. Flares among patients with LN were more frequent, severe, and costly than among patients without LN. This highlights the need for treatments that prevent or reduce flares among patients with SLE, both with and without LN.
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Registered trials
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