ArticlePLoS computational biology2022
Exploring a diverse world of effector domains and amyloid signaling motifs in fungal NLR proteins.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic mapping and nuclear interactions of an incompatibility response in Agaricus bisporus.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- NOD-Like Receptor Genes Undergo Diversity-Enhancing Evolution in a Fungal Species Complex.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Regulated cell death in fungi from a comparative immunology perspective.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Reconstructing NOD-like receptor alleles with high internal conservation inMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Genomic organization, domain assortments, and nucleotide-binding domain diversity of NLR proteins in Sordariales fungi.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Harnessing deep learning for proteome-scale detection of amyloid signaling motifs.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- CWI-MAPKs Regulate the Formation of Hyphopodia Required for Virulence in Ceratocystis fimbriata.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- The resistance awakens: Diversity at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels informs engineering of plant immune receptors from Arabidopsis to crops.The Plant cell · 2025Review
- Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Versus Multicellular Organisms.Annual review of genetics · 2023Review
- Taking the lead: NLR immune receptor N-terminal domains execute plant immune responses.The New phytologist · 2023Review
- Emergence of the fungal immune system.iScience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
NLR proteins are intracellular receptors constituting a conserved component of the innate immune system of cellular organisms. In fungi, NLRs are characterized by high diversity of architectures and presence of amyloid signaling. Here, we explore the diverse world of effector and signaling domains of fungal NLRs using state-of-the-art bioinformatic methods including MMseqs2 for fast clustering, probabilistic context-free grammars for sequence analysis, and AlphaFold2 deep neural networks for structure prediction. In addition to substantially improving the overall annotation, especially in basidiomycetes, the study identifies novel domains and reveals the structural similarity of MLKL-related HeLo- and Goodbye-like domains forming the most abundant superfamily of fungal NLR effectors. Moreover, compared to previous studies, we found several times more amyloid motif instances, including novel families, and validated aggregating and prion-forming properties of the most abundant of them in vitro and in vivo. Also, through an extensive in silico search, the NLR-associated amyloid signaling was identified in basidiomycetes. The emerging picture highlights similarities and differences in the NLR architectures and amyloid signaling in ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and other branches of life.
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