ArticlePloS one2022
Disparities in the prevalence of screened depression at different altitudes in Peru: A retrospective analysis of the ENDES 2019.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decolonizing mental health: how native languages reshape depression network architecture in 31,276 Peruvians.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Brain-wide mapping of acute hypoxia-induced neuronal activation in mice: A c-Fos immunofluorescence study.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Plateau Environment, Gut Microbiota, and Depression: A Possible Concealed Connection?Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Modulating oral microbiota ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Relationships between altitude and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal study from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prevalence and gender disparity of those who screen positive for depression in China by the classification of the employer and industry: a cross-sectional, population-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- High-altitude cerebral hypoxia promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of mouse neurons.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
introductionDepression is a public health concern, nearing 1.5 million cases and accounting for 9.7% of years lost due to disability. Several factors, including altitude, contribute to its development. Altitude has become a topic for recent research, but its association with depressive symptoms has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between altitude and depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population.
methodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish) was conducted. The dependent variable, depressive symptoms, was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the independent variable, altitude, was categorized into: <1500 meters above sea level (masl), 1500-2499 masl and ≥2500 masl. To evaluate the association between altitude and depressive symptoms, we used Poisson regression model, constructing crude and multiple models.
resultsOf those living at 1500 to 2499 masl and ≥2500 masl, 7.23% and 7.12% had depressive symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, high altitude was found to be associated with depressive symptoms (prevalence ratio adjusted (aPR): 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.84; aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.20-1.66).
conclusionsA statistically significant association was found between high altitude and depressive symptoms. This may be attributable to hypobaric hypoxia that occurs at high altitudes and its effects on brain function. This study's findings should be considered to identify the population at risk and expand the coverage of preventive and therapeutic measures in high-altitude areas of Peru with poor access to health services.
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