ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2022
High expression of GMNN predicts malignant progression and poor prognosis in ACC.
Article in European journal of medical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A new predictive factor VGF based on IHC experiments, gene pathways and molecular functional groups for tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Retracted: Single-cell RNA-sequencing Analysis Reveals the Promoting Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Epithelial Cells during Cervical Cancer Progression.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine neoplasm, which is characterized by poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Novel and reliable prognostic and metastatic biomarkers are lacking for ACC patients. This study aims at screening potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ACC through bioinformatic methods and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.
methodsIn the present study, by using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ACC and validated these DEGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ACC cohort. A DEGs-based signature was additionally constructed and we assessed its prognosis and prescient worth for ACC by survival analysis and nomogram. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to verify the relationship between hub gene-GMNN expressions and clinicopathologic outcomes in ACC patients.
resultsA total of 24 DEGs correlated with the prognosis of ACC were screened from the TCGA and GEO databases. Five DEGs were subsequently selected in a signature which was closely related to the survival rates of ACC patients and GMNN was identified as the core gene in this signature. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression showed that the GMNN was an independent prognostic factor for ACC patients (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, GMNN was closely related to the OS and PFI of ACC patients treated with mitotane (P < 0.001). IHC confirmed that GMNN protein was overexpressed in ACC tissues compared with normal adrenal tissues and significantly correlated with stage (P = 0.011), metastasis (P = 0.028) and Ki-67 index (P = 0.014).
conclusionsGMNN is a novel tumor marker for predicting the malignant progression, metastasis and prognosis of ACC, and may be a potential therapeutic target for ACC.
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