ReviewPharmaceutical research2023
SNAC for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: An Updated Review.
Review in Pharmaceutical research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Re-engineering insulin for oral delivery: structural modifications, advanced formulation strategies, and future directions.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Salcaprozate Sodium as a Permeation Enhancer-Mechanism, Applications and Unresolved Questions.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Oral GLP-1-Based Therapeutics in the Obesity-Metabolic Syndrome-Diabetes Continuum: Translational Advances, Clinical Barriers, and Emerging Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Strategies for overcoming multiple barriers of oral administration of protein and peptide therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived miR-55 Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Disrupting the CK2α/SMO Complex and Promoting SMO Ubiquitination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Crystallographic and physicochemical characterization of salcaprozoic acid: a structural basis for SNAC-enabled drug delivery systems.Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry · 2025Article
- Permeation enhancer-induced membrane defects assist the oral absorption of peptide drugs.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Green/red fluorescent protein disrupting drugs for real-time permeability tracking in three-dimensional tumor spheroids.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Carnitine Deficiency Caused by Salcaprozic Acid Sodium Contained in Oral Semaglutide in a Patient with Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances in Oral Biomacromolecule Therapies for Metabolic Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancers Beyond Sodium Caprate and SNAC - What is Coming Next?Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The Synthesis of SNAC Phenolate Salts and the Effect on Oral Bioavailability of Semaglutide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Oral Absorption of Middle-to-Large Molecules and Its Improvement, with a Focus on New Modality Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The delivery of proteins and peptides via an oral route poses numerous challenges to improve the oral bioavailability and patient compliance. To overcome these challenges, as well as to improve the permeation of proteins and peptides via intestinal mucosa, several chemicals have been studied such as surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, pH modifiers, and chelating agents, amongst these medium chain fatty acid like C10 (sodium caprate) and Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC) and its derivatives that have been well studied from a clinical perspective. This current review enumerates the challenges involved in protein and peptide delivery via the oral route, i.e., non-invasive routes of protein and peptide administration. This review also covers the chemistry behind SNAC and toxicity as well as mechanisms to enhance the oral delivery of clinically proven molecules like simaglutide and other small molecules under clinical development, as well as other permeation enhancers for efficient delivery of proteins and peptides.
Indexed as
Identifiers
36539668What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.