ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2022
Significant regional inequalities in the prevalence of intellectual disability and trends from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of GBD 2019.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Healthcare Utilisation and Barriers and Facilitators of Healthcare Access for Young People With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Pooled it
- Bridging the Gap in Orofacial Pain Assessment for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Validated Tools.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryPooled it
- Effects of a music-visual guided physical activity promotion program for adults with intellectual disability in supported care settings: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- Smart Continence Care for People With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Within Dutch Residential Care Facilities: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Cluster Randomized Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- The influence of assistance in home-based exercise programmes for individuals with intellectual disabilities.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Trial
- Lessons from clinical and genetic characterization of intellectual disability.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Intellectual Disability with Co-Occurring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability.Journal of pediatric neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Young minds in distress: Exploring the global rise in youth mental health diagnoses.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Global burden of intellectual disability attributable to preterm birth from 1990 to 2021 and projections.iScience · 2026Article
- Global Burden and Temporal Trends of Urinary Tract Infections in Women of Child-Bearing Age in 204 Countries and Territories: A Comprehensive Analysis from 1990 to 2021.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Global burden of mental disorders among women of child-bearing age, 1990-2021, with projections to 2050.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Using the Collective Impact Model to Organize Evidence-Based Programs to Educate Health Care Professionals About the Care Needs of Individuals with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- User requirements for an emotion-intelligent autonomous care robot in long-term care.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic testing and analysis of 1024 children with global developmental delay or intellectual disability: a single-center cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Context, Mechanisms and Outcomes of Reasonable Adjustments Across Acute Hospital Settings for People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review Protocol.Campbell systematic reviews · 2026Review
- Bowel cancer care in individuals with an intellectual disability: a population-based cohort study of symptoms, diagnostic pathways, treatment and survival.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in the age-standardized prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in South America, 1990-2023.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Article
- Acsl4-mediated Lipid Homeostasis Orchestrates Synaptic and Cognitive Plasticity.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsPolicymakers and researchers have little evidence on prevalence rates of intellectual disability (ID) or their changes over time to tailor healthcare interventions. Prevalence rates and trends of ID are especially lacking in regions with lower socio-demographic development. Additionally, the assessment of inequalities in the prevalence of ID across regions with varying socio-demographic development is understudied. This study assessed variations in prevalence rates of ID from 1990 to 2019 and the related inequalities between low and high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions.
methodsThis study used global data from 1990 to 2019 for individuals with ID from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases study. Data analyses were performed from September 2021 to January 2022. Prevalence for individuals with ID was extracted by sex, age groups and SDI regions. Annual percentage change (APC) was estimated for each demographic group within SDI regions to assess their prevalence trends over 30 years. Relative and absolute inequalities were calculated between low and high SDI regions for the various age groups.
resultsIn 2019, there were 107.62 million (1.74%) individuals with ID, with an APC of -0.80 (-0.88 to -0.72). There was a slightly higher prevalence among males (1.42%) than females (1.37%). The highest prevalence rates were found in the low-middle SDI regions (2.42%) and the lowest prevalence rates were in the high SDI regions (0.33%). There was a large reduction in the prevalence rate between the youngest age group
conclusionsWhile an overall decrease in global prevalence rate for ID was found, relative inequalities continue to increase with lower SDI regions needing more comprehensive support services. The demographic trends indicate a significantly higher mortality rate among those with ID
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