ReviewEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists2023
Assessing and Addressing the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Across the Spectrum of Gender Affirming Care: A Review.
Review in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The interplay between thrombosis, stress, and social risk factors in trans persons on gender affirming hormone therapy.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Feminizing Hormone Therapy in the Male Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Impairs Accuracy of Estimated Renal Filtration.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Nuances of gender affirming therapy for transgender women with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Article
- Decrease Venous Thromboembolism Without Anticoagulation in Plastic Surgery: The Paradigm of Risk Identification, Risk Modification, and Risk Reduction.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2025Article
- A transgender medicine curriculum for Internal Medicine residents at a single academic institution.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy in the transgender patient: influence on thrombotic risk.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Hormone-related thrombosis: duration of anticoagulation, risk of recurrence, and the role of hypercoagulability testing.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics as predictors for quality of life in transmasculine and transfeminine individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Gender-Affirming Surgery and Cancer: Considerations for Radiation Oncologists for Pelvic Radiation in Transfeminine Patients.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2023Review
- Improving the cardiovascular health care of transgender and non-binary persons.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 14 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAccumulating evidence demonstrates that gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) improves mental health outcomes in transgender persons. Data specific to the risks associated with GAHT for transgender persons continue to emerge, allowing for improvements in understanding, predicting, and mitigating adverse outcomes while informing discussion about desired effects. Of particular concern is the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the context of both longitudinal GAHT and the perioperative setting. Combining what is known about the risk of VTE in cisgender individuals on hormone therapy (HT) with the evidence for transgender persons receiving HT allows for an informed approach to assess underlying risk and improve care in the transgender community. OBSERVATIONS: Hormone formulation, dosing, route, and duration of therapy can impact thromboembolic risk, with transdermal estrogen formulations having the lowest risk. There are no existing risk scores for VTE that consider HT as a possible risk factor. Risk assessment for recurrent VTE and bleeding tendencies using current scores may be helpful when assessing individual risk. Gender affirming surgeries present unique perioperative concerns, and certain procedures include a high likelihood that patients will be on exogenous estrogens at the time of surgery, potentially increasing thromboembolic risk. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Withholding GAHT due to potential adverse events may cause negative impacts for individual patients. Providers should be knowledgeable about the management of HT in transgender individuals of all ages, as well as in the perioperative setting, to avoid periods in which transgender individuals are off GAHT. Treatment decisions for both anticoagulation and HT should be individualized and tailored to patients' overall goals and desired outcomes, given that the physical and mental health benefits of gender affirming care may outweigh the risk of VTE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.