Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36538895›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2023

Typhoid Fever in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review, 1990-2021.

Grace D Appiah, Phong Le, Graeme Prentice-Mott, Megan Bias, Caroline Pratt, Ghassan M Matar, Talia Pindyck, Antoine Abou Fayad, Sunkyung Kim, Eric D Mintz

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Grace D AppiahDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Phong LeDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Graeme Prentice-MottDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Megan BiasCenter for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Caroline PrattDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Ghassan M MatarDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Talia PindyckDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Antoine Abou FayadDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Sunkyung KimDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Eric D MintzDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The occurrence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of typhoid fever in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) are poorly characterized. Robust surveillance data are needed to inform strategies for typhoid control and prevention in the region. We conducted a systematic review of typhoid fever occurrence, complications, and AMR patterns in EMR countries. We identified 70 studies published from 1990 to 2021, including a total of 44,541 cases with blood culture confirmed typhoid fever in 12 EMR countries, with 48 (69%) studies and 42,008 cases from Pakistan. Among 56 studies with AMR data, fluroquinolone (68% of 13,013 tested isolates), and multidrug resistance (40% of 15,765 tested isolates) were common. Forty (57%) of the 56 studies were from Pakistan, and all reports of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi (48% of 9,578 tested isolates) were from studies in Pakistan. Our findings support the need for continued efforts to strengthen surveillance and laboratory capacity for blood-culture detection of typhoid fever in the region, including data from an ongoing collaboration among CDC, the American University of Beirut, and the WHO EMR office.

Indexed as

Typhoid FeverAnti-Bacterial AgentsHumansLaboratoriesPakistanSalmonella typhiAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID36538895
PMCPMC9896334

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.