Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36537199›Full record

Observational studyEuropean heart journal2023

Primary prevention of acute cardiovascular events by influenza vaccination: an observational study.

Jennifer A Davidson, Amitava Banerjee, Ian Douglas, Clémence Leyrat, Richard Pebody, Helen I McDonald, Emily Herrett, Harriet Forbes, Liam Smeeth, Charlotte Warren-Gash

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in European heart journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jennifer A DavidsonDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1599-7504
Amitava BanerjeeInstitute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8741-3411
Ian DouglasDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Clémence LeyratDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4097-4577
Richard PebodyInstitute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London NW1 2DA, UK.
Helen I McDonaldNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Immunisation, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Emily HerrettDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Harriet ForbesPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK.
Liam SmeethDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Charlotte Warren-GashDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
University of London · GBUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Bristol · GB

Funding

British Heart FoundationMedical Research Council MR/T032448/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsPrevious studies show a reduced incidence of first myocardial infarction and stroke 1-3 months after influenza vaccination, but it is unclear how underlying cardiovascular risk impacts the association. METHODS AND

resultsThe study used linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics mortality data from England between 1 September 2008 and 31 August 2019. From the data, individuals aged 40-84 years with a first acute cardiovascular event and influenza vaccination occurring within 12 months of each September were selected. Using a self-controlled case series analysis, season-adjusted cardiovascular risk stratified incidence ratios (IRs) for cardiovascular events after vaccination compared with baseline time before and >120 days after vaccination were generated. 193 900 individuals with a first acute cardiovascular event and influenza vaccine were included. 105 539 had hypertension and 172 050 had a QRISK2 score ≥10%. In main analysis, acute cardiovascular event risk was reduced in the 15-28 days after vaccination [IR 0.72 (95% CI 0.70-0.74)] and, while the effect size tapered, remained reduced to 91-120 days after vaccination [0.83 (0.81-0.88)]. Reduced cardiovascular events were seen after vaccination among individuals of all age groups and with raised and low cardiovascular risk.

conclusionsInfluenza vaccine may offer cardiovascular benefit among individuals at varying cardiovascular risk. Further studies are needed to characterize the populations who could derive the most cardiovascular benefits from vaccination.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesMyocardial InfarctionStrokeHumansVaccinationInfluenza VaccinesCardiovascular complicationshypertensionInfluenza vaccineQRISK

Identifiers

PMID36537199
PMCPMC9925273
OpenAlexW4311954783

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.