ReviewNature and science of sleep2022
Reliability and Efficacy of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Is There Still a Place for It?
Review in Nature and science of sleep, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07132307 (Reducing Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Through), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reducing Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Through
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluation of quality of life after orthognathic surgery in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review.The Angle orthodontist · 2025Pooled it
- Fabry disease and sleep disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of single-port TORS tongue base resection for obstructive sleep apnea: safety and patient outcomes.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Trial
- Effects of the Combination of Pimavanserin and Atomoxetine on OSA Severity: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Chest · 2025Trial
- Daytime sleepiness estimated using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale during mandibular advancement device therapy for snoring and sleep apnea: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Trial
- Mechanisms of change in an online acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for insomnia.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Polysomnographic phenotypes: predictors of treatment response in Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Mandibular Advancement devices.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Sleep and Core Temperature in Middle-Aged Women with Chronic Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Article
- Using Polygenic Risk Scores to Evaluate Definitions of Self-Reported Sleep Phenotypes Across Cohorts.Sleep · 2026Article
- Association between sleep inertia and cognitive performance among older adults in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- A gradual and sustainable approach to diagnosing sleep and circadian disturbances in dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Associations of excessive sleepiness with sleep apnea physiological endo-phenotypes: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Hypnogram-Driven Automatic Sleep Staging and a Quality-Index Assessment Through a Two-Stage LSTM-DNN Ensemble Learning Approach Using Multi-Biosignal Features for Sleep Disorder Detection.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The acromegaly patient experience: burden of treatment and quality of life.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Outcomes.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Risk in Western Region of Gujarat - A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2026Article
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Analysis of Peruvian Adults.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2026Article
- Machine learning optimization of obstructive sleep apnea screening: development and validation of a gradient boosting prediction model with a clinical implementation framework.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Prevalence and Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is a commonly used questionnaire to evaluate patients for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The ESS has been validated as a measure of EDS, but a number of studies have shown more test-retest variability in clinical settings compared to the original validation study. This observation of higher-than-expected test-retest variability has called into question the utility of the ESS as a clinical tool to assess EDS. The purpose of this review article is to summarize how studies of test-retest variability in clinical populations compare to the original validation study of Johns and to highlight where they differ. Furthermore, use of the ESS as a continuous variable (with no specified cutoff value) versus a categorical variable (normal versus high) is described. These observations are put into a clinical context by comparing the test-retest variability observed on the ESS with that of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Finally, how contributors to ESS scores differ within certain subpopulations is described. The ESS remains an important tool to measure EDS in patient populations, but an awareness of its limitations needs to be considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.