Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36536165›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2023

Effects of Experienced Discrimination in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: Caregiver and Provider Perspectives.

Ariel O Blakey, Claudine Lavarin, Annelise Brochier, Christina M Amaro, Jenna Sandler Eilenberg, Patricia L Kavanagh, Arvin Garg, Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Kristin A Long

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Chronic pain lived experience of pediatric sickle cell disease: A qualitative study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Provider Implicit Racial Bias in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Racism against healthcare users in inpatient care: a scoping review.International journal for equity in health · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ariel O BlakeyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. ablakey@bu.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5647-8650
Claudine LavarinDepartment of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. lavarinc@bu.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5529-4630
Annelise BrochierDepartment of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Christina M AmaroDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jenna Sandler EilenbergDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Patricia L KavanaghDepartment of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Arvin GargDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Mari-Lynn DrainoniDepartment of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Kristin A LongDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Boston University · USBoston Medical Center · USUMass Memorial Health Care · US

Funding

Integrated Care for Addiction, HIV and HCV Research and Education (ICAHRE)T32DA041898 · NIDA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Rachel Sayko Adams, Michael D Stein · 2017 to 2026
$3.8M
Understanding and Addressing the Social Determinants of Health for Families of Children with Sickle Cell Anemia within Pediatric Hematology Diversity SupplementR01HL141774 · NHLBI · BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER · PI GARG, ARVIN, KAVANAGH, PATRICIA L · 2019 to 2022
$3.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL141774NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA041898
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For Black children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their families, high disease stigmatization and pervasive racism increase susceptibility to discrimination in healthcare settings. Childhood experiences of discrimination can result in medical nonadherence, mistrust of healthcare providers, and poorer health outcomes across the lifespan. Caregivers and medical providers are essential to childhood SCD management and are therefore well-positioned to provide insight into discrimination in the context of pediatric SCD. This mixed-methods study sought caregivers' and providers' perspectives on processes underlying discrimination and potential solutions to mitigate the negative effects of perceived discrimination among children with SCD. Caregivers (N = 27) of children with SCD (≤ 12 years old) and providers from their hematology clinics (N = 11) participated in individual semi-structured interviews exploring experiences of discrimination and daily SCD management and completed a quantitative measure of discrimination. Qualitative data were collected until themes reached saturation and subsequently transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data converged to suggest the pervasiveness of discrimination in healthcare settings. Three qualitative themes emerged: (1) healthcare system factors underlie discrimination, (2) families' challenging interactions with providers lead to perceptions of discrimination, and (3) experiences of discrimination impact caregiver-provider interactions. Both caregivers and providers highlighted building trusting patient-provider relationships and encouraging patients' self-advocacy as means to reduce experiences and impacts of discrimination. These findings offer potential approaches to tangibly mitigate occurrences of discrimination in pediatric healthcare settings by trust building, accountability keeping, and fostering rapport to improve quality of care and pediatric SCD health outcomes.

Indexed as

Anemia, Sickle CellRacismCaregiversChildDelivery of Health CareHealth PersonnelHumansCaregiver perspectivesDiscriminationPediatricsSickle cell disease

Identifiers

PMID36536165
PMCPMC10645630
OpenAlexW4312019633

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.