SynthesisJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2023
A Systematic Review on Participant Diversity in Clinical Trials-Have We Made Progress for the Management of Obesity and Its Metabolic Sequelae in Diet, Drug, and Surgical Trials.
Synthesis in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotional Eating Interventions for Adults Living With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behaviour Change Techniques.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Pooled it
- Representation of racialised and ethnically diverse populations in multicentre randomised controlled trials of GLP-1 medicines for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of gaps.BMJ global health · 2024Pooled it
- Recruitment and Retention Strategies for Historically Marginalized Populations in Colorectal Cancer Trials: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Systematic Review Methods.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Survodutide for treatment of obesity: Baseline characteristics of participants in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (SYNCHRONIZE™-1).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Tirzepatide on ingestive behavior in adults with overweight or obesity: a randomized 6-week phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Dietary Factors and BMI Among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children and Home Caregivers in Remote Alaska Native Communities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Obesity Pharmacotherapy: An Urgent Need for Progressing Science, Access, and Equity-JACC: Advances Expert Panel.JACC. Advances · 2026Review
- Article
- Precision nutrition for cardiometabolic diseases.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Age, race and ethnicity, and sex of participants in clinical trials related to obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- An Acceptance-Based Guided Self-Help Program for Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults Who Have Previously Completed a Behavioral Weight Loss Program: The SWiM Feasibility Study.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Developing a Weight-Neutral Health Intervention in Denmark: Protocol for a Co-Design Process.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- The SEER Program's evolution: supporting clinically meaningful population-level research.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Article
- Changes in Acute ED Visits by Race/Ethnicity During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Inequities in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIndividuals from Black and Hispanic backgrounds represent a minority of the overall US population, yet are the populations most affected by the disease of obesity and its comorbid conditions. Black and Hispanic individuals remain underrepresented among participants in obesity clinical trials, despite the mandate by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993. This systematic review evaluates the racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of clinical trials focused on obesity at a national level.
methodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science was undertaken to locate phase 3 and phase 4 clinical trials on the topic of obesity that met associated inclusion/exclusion criteria. Ultimately, 18 studies were included for review.
resultsWhite non-Hispanic individuals represented the majority of clinical trial participants, as did females. No study classified participants by gender identity. Reporting of race/ethnicity was not uniform, with noted variability among racial/ethnic subgroups.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that disparities remain in the diverse racial, ethnic, and gender representation of participants engaged in clinical trials on obesity relative to the prevalence of obesity in underrepresented populations. Commitment to inclusive and intentional recruiting practices is needed to increase the representation of underrepresented groups, thus increasing the generalizability of future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.