ArticleDiabetes care2023
Race- and Neighborhood-Related Disparities Spanning the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trajectories of Combined Glycemic Control and BMI in Youth With Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on HbA1c Levels of Ethnic Minorities and Low-income Groups with Type 2 Diabetes in Israel.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Socio-Ecologic Influences on Weight Trajectories Among Children with Obesity Living in Rural and Urban Settings.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Article
- Multiple influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with diabetes: Changes in epidemiology, metabolic control and medical care.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo use combined glycemic (HbA1c) and BMI z-score (BMIZ) trajectories spanning the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to identify high-risk subgroups of adolescents with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsRetrospective cohort of adolescents 10-19 years old with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with one or more visits at a large pediatric hospital from January 2018 through February 2020 (prepandemic) and April 2020 through August 2021 (pandemic). Group-based trajectory models were used to identify latent classes of combined BMIZ and HbA1c trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of class membership, including Area Deprivation Index (ADI) (socioeconomic status proxy).
resultsThe cohort included 1,322 youth with type 1 diabetes (93% White and 7% Black) and 59 with type 2 diabetes (53% Black and 47% White). For type 1 diabetes, six trajectory classes emerged. Black youth were more likely to be in the class with worsening glycemic control and concurrent BMIZ decrease at pandemic onset (relative risk ratio [RRR] vs. White: 3.0 [95% CI 1.3-6.8]) or in the class with progressively worsening glycemic control and obesity (RRR 3.0 [95% CI 1.3-6.8]), while those from the most deprived neighborhoods (RRR ADI tertile 3 vs. 1: 1.9 [95% CI 1.2-2.9]) were more likely to be in the class with stable obesity and glycemic control. For type 2 diabetes, three distinct trajectories emerged, two of which experienced worsening glycemic control with concurrent BMIZ decline at pandemic onset.
conclusionsRace and neighborhood deprivation were independently associated with distinct glycemic and BMIZ trajectory classes in youth with diabetes, highlighting persistent and widening disparities associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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