Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36533635›Full record

ArticleWomen's health (London, England)

Menopause knowledge and education in women under 40: Results from an online survey.

Carly Munn, Leigh Vaughan, Vikram Talaulikar, Melanie C Davies, Joyce C Harper

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Menopause and suicide: A systematic review.Women's health (London, England)
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Social Media and Supplements for Menopausal Symptoms: A Content Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Australian Women's Knowledge of Perimenopause and Menopause.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Where Are the Knowledge Gaps in Menopause Across a Population? A National Cross-Sectional Survey in Wales.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carly MunnEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Leigh VaughanEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
Vikram TalaulikarReproductive Medicine Unit, University College Hospital, London, UK.
Melanie C DaviesReproductive Medicine Unit, University College Hospital, London, UK.
Joyce C HarperEGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6364-2367

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAll women experience the menopause, yet education around the topic is limited. Studies conducted in women aged over 40 show that women have limited knowledge about the menopause.

objectivesThis study aims to understand what women under 40 know about the menopause, how they have acquired this knowledge and where they think menopause education should be taught. This data will help to determine how to effectively deliver menopause education.

designA survey was designed that asked women under 40 what they know of, and their attitudes to, the menopause, using Qualtrics XM software.

methodsThe survey was advertised for 5 weeks on social media. Six questions related to menopause education were analysed. Responses between age groups under 20, 21-30 and over 30 were compared using a chi-square test. A thematic-style analysis was also conducted on a free-text question where answers referred to education.

resultsA total of 738 women's responses were included in the analysis; over 80% had no knowledge or just some knowledge of the menopause. Women over 30 used official websites (p = 0.017) and scientific literature (p = 0.047) significantly more than other age groups to learn about the menopause, while women under 20 were more likely to learn from family members (p = 0.002). These women felt education should start in schools.

conclusionMany women under 40 have limited education of the menopause. Women under 20 are more passive in their approach to learning about the menopause compared with those over 30, who are more proactive. Menopause education strategies must start at school and extend beyond schools adopting a multifaceted approach; it is recommended that the workplace, social media and public health campaigns are used to deliver menopause education moving forward.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMenopauseAdultEducational StatusFemaleHealth PromotionHumansMiddle AgedSurveys and Questionnaireseducationmenopausemenopause educationmenopause symptomsperimenopause

Identifiers

PMID36533635
PMCPMC9772977

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.