ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2022
Effect of puberty on the immune system: Relevance to multiple sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA methylation sites in early adulthood characterised by pubertal timing and development: a twin study.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Pooled it
- Gene expression of tight junctions in foreskin is not affected by HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Phenotyping healthcare use before pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, including by sex and age: A matched cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Neural response to reward as a potential pathway from inflammation to anhedonia in adolescents at risk for depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological evidence for the role of puberty and immune senescence in Hodgkin lymphoma aetiology from 1992 Danish cases.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Why Is MS a More Frequent Complication of EBV Infection in Females?Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Phenotypic Diversity and Outcomes in Pediatric NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A 15-Year Retrospective Study from the Largest Children's Hospital in the United States.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Associations of systemic inflammatory indices and metabolically healthy vs. unhealthy obesity in children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Menopause is a physiological progression event for women with multiple sclerosis: Yes.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Age-Stratified Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Biologically Distinct Molecular Phenotypes Across Pediatric, Adolescent, and Adult Osteosarcoma.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Immune ontogeny in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: effect of immune maturity on disease phenotype and therapeutic responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA as a candidate marker of hyperinflammation and immune activation in pre-adolescents, adolescents and young adults with COVID-19 and comorbidities.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026Article
- Commentary: Immunogenicity of dupilumab in adult and pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exercise-induced osteoimmune crosstalk: a virtuous cycle between bone remodeling and immune regulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Sex Hormones on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Against the Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Impaired Morphological and Functional Maturation of the Spleen during Puberty in Rats Exposed to Low Doses of Endocrine Disruptor DDT.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Gender and sex interactions are intrinsic components of cancer phenotypes.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- A unifying model for multiple sclerosis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Body Composition at Diagnosis and Early Response in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- The impact of reproductive factors on breast tumor and normal-adjacent tissue immune profile from menarche to menopause.Carcinogenesis · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Puberty is a dynamic period marked by changing levels of sex hormones, the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive maturity. This period has profound effects on various organ systems, including the immune system. The critical changes that occur in the immune system during pubertal onset have been shown to have implications for autoimmune conditions, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is rare prior to puberty but can manifest in children after puberty. This disease also has a clear female preponderance that only arises following pubertal onset, highlighting a potential role for sex hormones in autoimmunity. Early onset of puberty has also been shown to be a risk factor for MS. The purpose of this review is to overview the evidence that puberty regulates MS susceptibility and disease activity. Given that there is a paucity of studies that directly evaluate the effects of puberty on the immune system, we also discuss how the immune system is different in children and mice of pre- vs. post-pubertal ages and describe how gonadal hormones may regulate these immune mechanisms. We present evidence that puberty enhances the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production by type 2 dendritic cells (DC2s) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), increases T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and T follicular helper immunity, and promotes immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody production. Overall, this review highlights how the immune system undergoes a functional maturation during puberty, which has the potential to explain the higher prevalence of MS and other autoimmune diseases seen in adolescence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.