ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Caffeine is negatively associated with depression in patients aged 20 and older.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Appraising the causal relationship between plasma caffeine levels and neuropsychiatric disorders through Mendelian randomization.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Regular intake of caffeinated but not decaffeinated coffee attenuates behavioral modifications in mice subject to chronic unpredictable stress.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Adenosine A2A signaling in mood disorders: How far have we come?IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Caffeine intake is linked to depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure: An analysis based on NHANES, 2005 to 2018.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Arginine Metabolism and Adenosine Receptor Signals in the Cerebellum Contribute to Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety/Depression-Like Behaviours.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Effects of Lifetime Caffeine Consumption on Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Comprehensive Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Patterns and prevalence of depression, tobacco, and caffeine use among university students from different majors in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Review
- Is occupational noise associated with arthritis? Cross-sectional evidence from US population.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have observed the association between caffeine intake and depression, but few have considered the potential threshold effect of this issue. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the association between caffeine consumption and depression in patients aged 20 years or older using curve fitting analysis. Methods: The population was 3,263 patients from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with reliable answers to questions of caffeine intake and depression. Participants' depression levels were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale and the caffeine consumption were investigated in a private room of NHANES. The confounding variables of this study included level of education, monthly sleepiness, age, marital status, race, cigarette smoking, sex and recreational activities. Results: In linear regression analysis, patients with a higher PHQ-9 score tend to have less caffeine intake. A similar conclusion was drawn in logistic regression model using PHQ-9 ≥ 10 as a cut-off score for depression. But when caffeine intake exceeded 90 mg, there was no significant association between caffeine intake and depression based on the curve fitting analysis. Discussion: These results suggest that people can consume some caffeine to reduce depression. But further study is needed to examine the precise causal relationship between these factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.