ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on systemic immune responses in people living with HIV.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exit Meta-Analysis on the Effect of HIV on COVID-19 Mortality, Hospitalization, and ICU Admission.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of the booster COVID-19 vaccine among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Serological response following COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV: a dose-response meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Determinants of non-compliance with additional booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people living with HIV (PWH): An observational study based on a behavioral and epidemiological survey in Rome (Italy).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Observational
- Article
- Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections after Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Greek Cohort of People Living with HIV during the Delta and Omicron Waves.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Pre-existing cell populations with cytotoxic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV and normal CD4/CD8 ratio previously unexposed to the virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Third COVID-19 vaccine dose boosts antibody function in Rwandans with high HIV viral load.iScience · 2023Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of the Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in People Living with HIV in China.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Review
- [Sexually transmitted infections under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Attenuated humoral responses in HIV after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination linked to B cell defects and altered immune profiles.iScience · 2023Article
- Attenuated humoral responses in HIV infection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are linked to global B cell defects and cellular immune profiles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- In-depth analysis of T cell immunity and antibody responses in heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccine regimens against SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the development of vaccines, which protect healthy people from severe and life-threatening Covid-19, the immunological responses of people with secondary immunodeficiencies to these vaccines remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving anti-retroviral therapy. While antibody responses in PLWH increased progressively after each vaccination, they were significantly reduced compared to the HIV-negative control group. This was particularly noteworthy for the Delta and Omicron variants. In contrast, CD4+ Th cell responses exhibited a vaccination-dependent increase, which was comparable in both groups. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell activation negatively correlated with the CD4 to CD8 ratio, indicating that low CD4+ T cell numbers do not necessarily interfere with cellular immune responses. Our data demonstrate that despite the lower CD4+ T cell counts SARS-CoV-2 vaccination results in potent cellular immune responses in PLWH. However, the reduced humoral response also provides strong evidence to consider PLWH as vulnerable group and suggests subsequent vaccinations being required to enhance their protection against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.