ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2022
Ambient exposures to selected volatile organic compounds and the risk of prostate cancer in Montreal.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory Science and Technology in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: From Invertebrate Models to Artificial Intelligence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ambient aromatic hydrocarbons and prostate cancer: mechanistic evidence linking benzene and PAH exposure to tumor progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exposure to Bisphenol B and S Increases the Risk of Male Reproductive Dysfunction in Middle Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Little is known about environmental factors that may increase the risk of prostate cancer. We estimated associations between incident prostate cancer and environmental concentrations of five ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs): benzene; n-decane; ethylbenzene; hexane; and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Methods: This study is based on a population-based case-control study of incident prostate cancer (PROtEuS) in men ≤ 75 years of age living in Montreal, Canada, in 2005 to 2012. We included 1172 cases and 1177 population controls. We had personal information, lifetime residential addresses, occupational exposures, and a variety of area-wide covariables. We inferred concentrations of the five VOCs using Bayesian geostatistical models using data from a dense environmental survey conducted in Montreal in 2005 to 2006. We used different sets of adjustments to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals. Results: We found nonlinear associations such that the ORs increased monotonically and then either flattened or fell off with increased exposures. The model that contained other environmental variables and contextual variables led to lower ORs and results were similar when we restricted analyses to controls recently screened or tested for prostate cancer or cases with low- or high-grade tumors. A change from the 5th to 25th percentile in mean environmental benzene levels led to an adjusted OR of 2.00 (95% confidence interval = 1.47, 2.71). Conclusion: We found positive associations between prostate cancer and concentrations of benzene and ethylbenzene, independently of previous testing for prostate cancer or tumor grade, suggesting that exposure to certain ambient VOCs may increase incidence.
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