ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2022
Maternal Social Risk, Gestational Age at Delivery, and Cognitive Outcomes among Adolescents Born Extremely Preterm.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in school-aged preterm infants: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Early predictors of cognitive trajectories from birth to adolescence in children born extremely preterm.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Neonatal inflammation predicts adolescent brain volume and neurologic outcomes in children born extremely prematurely.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- High-risk infant follow-up: current practice and factors determining eligibility.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The role of social determinants of health in the developing injured brain.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Gestational vitamin D concentration and child cognitive development: a longitudinal cohort study in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Cognitive weaknesses or impairments on the NIH toolbox cognition battery in children and adolescents: base rates in a normative sample and proposed methods for classification.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status moderates associations between hippocampal development and cognition in preterms.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in preterm infants: present and future (Neonatal Neurocritical Care Series).Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Optimizing trajectories of social adaptive competencies after extreme prematurity during the first 1000 days.Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Children born extremely preterm (EP) are at increased risk of cognitive deficits that persist into adulthood. Few large cohort studies have examined differential impairment of cognitive function in EP-born adolescents in relation to early life risk factors, including maternal social disadvantage, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal morbidities prevalent among EP neonates. Objectives: To assess cognitive abilities in relation to early life risk factors in an EP-born cohort at 15 years of age. Methods: 681 of 1198 surviving participants (57%) enrolled from 2002 to 2004 in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study returned at age 15 years for an assessment of cognitive abilities with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-II and the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) verbal cognition and fluid processing composites, the latter of which measured executive functions and processing speed. Three cognitive outcomes, WASI-II IQ, NTCB verbal cognition, and NTCB fluid processing, were analyzed for associations with maternal social disadvantage and gestational age. Mediation of maternal social disadvantage by gestational age and mediation of gestational age by neonatal morbidities were also examined. Results: Test scores were lower for NTCB fluid processing relative to IQ and NTCB verbal abilities. Social disadvantage and gestational age were associated with all three cognitive outcomes. Mediation analyses indicated partial mediation of gestational age associations with all three outcomes by neonatal morbidities but did not support mediation by gestational age of social risk associations with cognitive outcomes. Conclusions: Greater maternal social disadvantage and lower gestational age are associated with less favorable cognitive outcomes among EP-born adolescents at 15 years of age. Neonatal morbidities partially mediate associations between lower gestational age and cognitive outcomes. These findings highlight the need for improved medical and remedial interventions to mitigate risk of poor cognitive outcomes among EP-born adolescents.
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