Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36530212›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2022

Identifying the barriers of smoking cessation and predictors of nicotine dependence among adult Malaysian smokers: A cross-sectional study.

Roy R Marzo, Kareem A El-Fass, Nermin A Osman, Thin M Kyaw, Prem Kumar A/L Arivanandan, Logithasan Murale Morgan, Keiswini Latchumana, Kirthanashree Arasu, Abiodun D Obaromi, Yulan Lin

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Roy R MarzoDepartment of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Kareem A El-FassDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Egypt.
Nermin A OsmanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Thin M KyawDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
Prem Kumar A/L ArivanandanDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
Logithasan Murale MorganDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
Keiswini LatchumanaDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
Kirthanashree ArasuDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
Abiodun D ObaromiDepartment of Biostatistics, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria.
Yulan LinDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
University of Cyberjaya · MYAlexandria University · EGFayoum University · EGFujian Medical University · CNMonash University Malaysia · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionProper understanding of the prevalence and determinants of nicotine dependence is crucial for developing and implementing effective tobacco control interventions. The aim of the study was to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to smoking cessation, and to assess the association between nicotine dependence with demographic variables in Malaysia.

methodsA cross-sectional survey based on the Challenges to Stopping Smoking Scale (CSS-21) and Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was performed on smoking Malaysian citizens aged ≥18 years, from February to June 2021.

resultsA total of 1026 parents responded to the survey. As for the smoking dependence based on FTND, 39.1% suffered low-moderate dependence, while about 33.6% suffered moderate dependence. Only 1.8% suffered high dependence. Considering the barriers of quitting smoking based on CSS-21, the mean score of the intrinsic barriers domain was 5.7 ± 2.9, and for the extrinsic domain was 7.4 ± 4.0. The most common barrier reported in the intrinsic domain was the easy availability of cigarettes (69.8%), followed by experiencing withdrawal symptoms (68.5%). On the other hand, the most common barrier reported in the extrinsic domain was the belief in the capability of stopping smoking in the future (72.8%), followed by the fear of having side effects after stopping smoking (63.2%). Gender, race, education level, occupation, marital status, place of residence, and monthly income were also significantly associated with the FTND nicotine dependence category (all p<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis reported a positive association between intrinsic score (r=0.38), extrinsic score (r=0.43) and FTND score (all p<0.001).

conclusionsBarriers to stopping smoking should be taken into consideration in initiatives to decrease smoking-related mortality. Vulnerable populations that are susceptible to high nicotine dependence should be given particular attention.

Indexed as

barriersnicotine dependencesmoking cessationsociodemographic status

Identifiers

PMID36530212
PMCPMC9727689
OpenAlexW4311808638

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.