ArticleBrain injury2023
Hierarchical clustering of prolonged post-concussive symptoms after 12 months: symptom-centric analysis and association with functional impairments.
Article in Brain injury, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transfusion ratios and survival in severe blunt trauma patients receiving massive transfusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Circus-specific extension of the 6th International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Subjective brain fog: a four-dimensional characterization in 25,796 participants.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Validation of a rapid remote digital test for impaired cognition using clinical dementia rating and mini-mental state examination: An observational research study.Frontiers in digital health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFollowing a concussion, approximately 15% of individuals experience persistent symptoms that can lead to functional deficits. However, underlying symptom-clusters that persist beyond 12 months have not been adequately characterized, and their relevance to functional deficits are unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the underlying clusters of prolonged post-concussive symptoms lasting more than 12 months, and to investigate their association with functional impairments.
methodsAlthough hierarchical clustering is ideally suited in evaluating subjective symptom severities, it has not been applied to the Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ). The RPQ and functional impairments questions were administered via a smartphone application to 445 individuals who self-reported prolonged post-concussive symptoms. Symptom-clusters were obtained using agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and their association with functional deficits were investigated with sensitivity analyses, and corrected for multiple comparisons.
resultsFive symptom-clusters were identified: headache-related, sensitivity to light and sound, cognitive, mood-related, and sleep-fatigue. Individuals with more severe RPQ symptoms were more likely to report functional deficits (
conclusionsSymptom-clusters may be clinically useful for functional outcome stratification for targeted rehabilitation therapies. Further studies are required to replicate these findings in other cohorts and questionnaires, and to ascertain the effects of symptomatic intervention on functional outcomes.
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