ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2023
The Single-Cell Landscape of Intratumoral Heterogeneity and The Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Liver and Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Roles in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Pooled it
- Single-cell sequencing profiling of intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in primary thyroid cancer and lymph node metastases.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- A Tumor-Boundary Niche Enriched for PD-1Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integration of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Data to Identify Lactylation-Related Gene Signatures in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Using Machine Learning Algorithms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune crosstalk in lung cancer brain metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational opportunities.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- A prognostic model for breast cancer based on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) signature genes.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer brain and leptomeningeal metastases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic progress.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity of macrophages in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy: a single-cell perspective.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- From guardians to traitors: molecular mechanisms of tumor-induced T cell betrayal.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis reveals the potential therapeutic targets for testicular sex cord-stromal cell tumor.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Research progress and trends on M2 macrophages in breast cancer research: a bibliometric analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics identify mechanical-memory-associated cell states in metastatic HRBreast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Targeting the neuro-immune crosstalk in breast cancer brain metastases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- ROCK1 inhibition primes anti-tumor immunity in EGFR-mutant NSCLC by triggering PD-L1 degradation mediated by SMURF2.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Metabolic Alterations in Macrophage Subtypes Propel Immune and Stromal Remodeling in Neurofibroma's Malignant Progression.MedComm · 2026Article
- T-helper Transcription Factor Profiling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Non-invasive Approach to Predicting Disease Stage in Breast Cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Cellular landscape and diagnostic value of TROP2 in cerebrospinal fluid of lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Identification of altered immune landscape at single-cell resolution in NSCLC brain metastasis and its association with poor immune checkpoint inhibitor responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Low-dose radiotherapy remodels the tumor immune microenvironment via the cGAS-STING pathway: mechanisms, challenges, and combination therapy strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains the major cause of morbidity for breast cancer. Individuals with liver or brain metastasis have an extremely poor prognosis and low response rates to anti-PD-1/L1 immune checkpoint therapy compared to those with metastasis at other sites. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-PD-1/L1 resistance and develop more effective immunotherapy strategies for these patients. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, a high-resolution map of the entire tumor ecosystem based on 44 473 cells from breast cancer liver and brain metastases is depicted. Identified by canonical markers and confirmed by multiplex immunofluorescent staining, the metastatic ecosystem features remarkable reprogramming of immunosuppressive cells such as FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, LAMP3+ tolerogenic dendritic cells, CCL18+ M2-like macrophages, RGS5+ cancer-associated fibroblasts, and LGALS1+ microglial cells. In addition, PD-1 and PD-L1/2 are barely expressed in CD8+ T cells and cancer/immune/stromal cells, respectively. Interactions of the immune checkpoint molecules LAG3-LGALS3 and TIGIT-NECTIN2 between CD8+ T cells and cancer/immune/stromal cells are found to play dominant roles in the immune escape. In summary, this study dissects the intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in liver and brain metastases of breast cancer for the first time, providing insights into the most appropriate immunotherapy strategies for these patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.