Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36528460›Full record

ArticleIntensive & critical care nursing2023

Physical, social, mental and spiritual functioning of COVID-19 intensive care unit-survivors and their family members one year after intensive care unit-discharge: A prospective cohort study.

Marisa Onrust, Anja Visser, Nadine van Veenendaal, Willem Dieperink, Marie Louise Luttik, Mechteld-Hanna G Derksen, Peter H J van der Voort, Ingeborg C van der Meulen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Intensive & critical care nursing, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Rethinking 'Recovery': A Comparative Qualitative Analysis of Experiences of Intensive Care With COVID and Long Covid in the United Kingdom.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marisa OnrustUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.onrust@umcg.nl.
Anja VisserUniversity of Groningen, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Department of Comparative Study of Religion, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.visser-nieraeth@rug.nl.
Nadine van VeenendaalUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anesthesiology, the Netherlands. Electronic address: n.van.veenendaal@umcg.nl.
Willem DieperinkUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, the Netherlands; Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Science Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: w.dieperink@umcg.nl.
Marie Louise LuttikUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, the Netherlands; Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Science Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.l.a.luttik@pl.hanze.nl.
Mechteld-Hanna G DerksenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, Department of Spiritual Care, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.g.derksen@umcg.nl.
Peter H J van der VoortUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, the Netherlands; TIAS School for Business and Society, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands. Electronic address: p.h.j.van.der.voort@umcg.nl.
Ingeborg C van der MeulenUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, the Netherlands; Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Science Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: i.c.van.der.meulen@pl.hanze.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe the long-term functioning of patients who survived a COVID-19-related admission to the intensive care unit and their family members, in the physical, social, mental and spiritual domain.

designA single-centre, prospective cohort study with a mixed-methods design.

settingThe intensive care unit of the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands.

main outcome measuresTo study functioning 12 months after intensive care discharge several measurements were used, including a standardised list of physical problems, the Clinical Frailty Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey, the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire, as well as open questions and interviews with survivors and their family members.

resultsA total of 56 survivors (77%) returned the 12-month questionnaire, whose median age was 62 (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 55.0-68.0). Moreover, 67 family members (66%) returned the 12-month questionnaire, whose median age was 58 (IQR: 43-66). At least one physical problem was reported by 93% of the survivors, with 22% reporting changes in their work-status. Both survivors (84%) and their family members (85%) reported at least one spiritual need. The need to feel connected with family was the strongest. The main theme was 'returning to normal' in the interviews with survivors and 'if the patient is well, I am well' in the interviews with family members.

conclusionsOne year after discharge, both COVID-19 intensive care survivors and their family members positively evaluate their health-status. Survivors experience physical impairments, and their family members' well-being is strongly impacted by the health of the survivor.

Indexed as

COVID-19Patient DischargeHumansIntensive Care UnitsMiddle AgedProspective StudiesQuality of LifeSurvivorsAftercareCOVID-19Critical careFamilyPost intensive care syndromePost intensive care syndrome-familyQuality of lifeSpiritualitySurvivors

Identifiers

PMID36528460
PMCPMC9726690

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.