ArticleVirus research2023
Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a biomarker in paediatric and adult tick-borne encephalitis patients.
Article in Virus research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathological Signal-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Sepsis: Integrating Biomarker Sensing With Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Kinetic and inhibitory profiling of serum MMP-9 in acute spinal cord injury: neurochemical links to injury severity and neuroinflammation.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Decoding the lung-brain axis in influenza: from pulmonary infection to central nervous system injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Astrocytic RIPK3 exerts protective anti-inflammatory activity in mice with viral encephalitis by transcriptional induction of serpins.Science signaling · 2025Article
- Genotype-driven sensitivity of mice to tick-borne encephalitis virus correlates with differential host responses in peripheral macrophages and brain.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Flaviviruses-Induced Neurological Sequelae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- First detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in raw milk samples in North-Western Iran.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Article
- Genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity genes influence predisposition to tick-borne encephalitis.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE): From Tick to Pathology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in central nervous system infections. We analysed the levels of 8 different MMPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 89 adult patients infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and compared them with the levels in a control group. MMP-9 was the only MMP that showed significantly increased CSF levels in TBE patients. Serum MMP-9 levels were subsequently measured in 101 adult TBE patients at various time points during the neurological phase of TBE and at follow-up. In addition, serum MMP-9 was analysed in 37 paediatric TBE patients. Compared with control levels, both paediatric and adult TBE patients had significantly elevated serum MMP-9 levels. In most adult patients, serum MMP-9 levels peaked at hospital admission, with higher serum MMP-9 levels observed in patients with encephalitis than in patients with meningitis. Elevated serum MMP-9 levels were observed throughout hospitalisation but decreased to normal levels at follow-up. Serum MMP-9 levels correlated with clinical course, especially in patients heterozygous for the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17576 (A/G; Gln279Arg) in the MMP9 gene. The results highlight the importance of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of TBE and suggest that serum MMP-9 may serve as a promising bioindicator of TBE in both paediatric and adult TBE patients.
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