ReviewExperimental hematology & oncology2022
Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain.
Review in Experimental hematology & oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morpho-functional plasticity of tumour-associated macrophages: linking cell shape, ultrastructure, and immune regulation in cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Paediatric Medulloblastoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy for Central Nervous System Tumors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytology for the diagnosis of lung cancer brain metastasis: a case report.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Systems immunology insights into brain metastasis.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- ASO Author Reflections: Induction of Postoperative Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation After Pancreatectomy May be a Link Between Surgical Inflammation and Disease Recurrence.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Translatomics reveals the role of dietary calcium addition in regulating muscle fat deposition in pigs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastasis accounts for a large number of cancer-related deaths. The host immune system, involved at each step of the metastatic cascade, plays an important role in both the initiation of the brain metastasis and their treatment responses to various modalities, through either local and or systemic effect. However, few reliable immune biomarkers have been identified in predicting the development and the treatment outcome in patients with cancer brain metastasis. Here, we provide a focused perspective of immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain and a thorough discussion of the potential utilization of specific biomarkers such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), genetic markers, circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, cytokines, in predicting the brain disease progression and regression after therapeutic intervention. We hope to inspire the field to extend the research and establish practical guidelines for developing and validating immune related biomarkers to provide personalized treatment and improve treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic brain cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.