ArticleNeurology2023
Significance of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in CSF: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.
Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers to predict relapse in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Optimizing the Use of Anti-CD20 Agents in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Use of MRI in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease - MAGNIMS consensus recommendations.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Use of Fluid Biomarkers in NMOSD and MOGAD: Clinical and Research Applications.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Granulocyte and astrocyte markers distinguish MOG-antibody disease and neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Comparative Effectiveness of Disease-Modifying Treatments in Double Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- MOGAD in South Wales: Diagnostic Evolution and Disease Epidemiology.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Live-Cell-Based Assay Outperforms Fixed Assay in MOGAD Diagnosis: A Retrospective Validation Against the 2023 International Criteria.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical and laboratory findings in patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: experience from two tertiary hospitals in Madrid.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease: recent advances and future.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The relationship between serum MOG-IgG titer status and titers and the prognosis of pediatric MOGAD: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Expanding Evidence of Leptomeningeal Involvement in MOGAD and Its Relevance to Its Pathophysiology.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Turncoat antibodies unmasked in a model of autoimmune demyelination: From biology to therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Application of the ADEM definition to cerebral attacks of MOG antibody-associated disease.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Applying the Supporting Features for MOGAD Diagnosis to Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- MOG-IgG detection in serum and cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic implications and clinical correlates in adult-onset Chinese MOGAD patients.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- MOG antibody non-P42 epitope is associated with a higher risk of relapse in paediatric MOGAD.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Real-world clinical experience with serum MOG and AQP4 antibody testing by live versus fixed cell-based assay.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Induction of immune tolerance in NMOSD and MOGAD.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
30 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Sara CartaFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Álvaro Cobo CalvoFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Thaís ArmanguéFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Albert SaizFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Christian LechnerFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Kevin RostásyFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Markus BreuFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Matthias BaumannFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Romana HöftbergerFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Ilya AyzenbergFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Carolin SchwakeFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Maria SepulvedaFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Eugenia Martínez-HernándezFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Gemma Olivé-CireraFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Georgina ArrambideFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Mar TintoréFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Raphael Bernard-ValnetFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Renaud Du PasquierFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Fabienne BrilotFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Sudarshini RamanathanFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Kathrin SchandaFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Alberto GajofattoFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Sergio FerrariFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Elia SechiFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Eoin P FlanaganFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Sean J PittockFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Vyanka RedenbaughFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Markus ReindlFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Romain MarignierFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
Sara MariottoFrom the Neurology Unit (S.C., A.G., S.F., S.M.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (A.C.C., G.A., M.T.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (T.A., A.S., M.S., E.M-H., G.O-C.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and, University of Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatric Neurology (C.L., M.B.), Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology (K.R.), University of Witten/Herdecke Childrens' Hospital, Datteln, Germany; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (M.B.), Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (I.A., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B-V., R.d.P.), Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre (F.B.), Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney Medical School and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences (E.S.), University of Sassari, Italy; Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.P.F., S.J.P., V.R.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester; Service de Neurologie (R.M.), Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France. sara.mariotto@gmail.com.
University of Sydney · AU
Funding
Utilizing epidemiology, imaging and fluid biomarkers in MOG antibody-associated disease to inform prognosis, pathogenesis and therapeuticsR01NS113828 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Eoin P Flanagan · 2020 to 2026
$2.4MAustrian Science Fund FWF P 32699NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113828
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAlthough the diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is based on serum MOG antibodies (MOG-Abs) positivity, patients with coexisting or restricted MOG-Abs in the CSF have been reported. The aim of this study is to characterize the relevance of CSF MOG-Abs positivity in clinical practice.
methodsEleven medical centers retrospectively collected clinical and laboratory data of adult and pediatric patients with suspected inflammatory CNS disease and MOG-Abs positivity in serum and/or CSF using live cell-based assays. Comparisons were performed using parametric or nonparametric tests, as appropriate. Potential factors of unfavorable outcomes were explored by Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression.
resultsThe cohort included 255 patients: 139 (55%) women and 132 (52%) children (i.e., <18-year-old). Among them, 145 patients (56.8%) had MOG-Abs in both serum and CSF (MOG-Abs seropositive and CSF positive), 79 (31%) only in serum (MOG-Abs seropositive and CSF negative), and 31 (12%) only in CSF (MOG-Abs seronegative and CSF positive). MOG-Abs seronegative and CSF positive predominated in adults (22% vs 3% of children), presented more commonly with motor (n = 14, 45%) and sensory symptoms (n = 13, 42%), and all but 4 (2 multiple sclerosis, 1 polyradiculoneuritis, and 1 Susac syndrome) had a final diagnosis compatible with MOGAD. When comparing seropositive patients according to MOG-Abs CSF status, MOG-Abs seropositive and CSF positive patients had a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at nadir during the index event (median 4.5, interquartile range [IQR] 3.0-7.5 vs 3.0, IQR 2.0-6.8, DISCUSSION: Paired serum and CSF MOG-Abs positivity are common in MOGAD and are associated with a more severe clinical presentation. CSF-only MOG-Abs positivity can occur in patients with a phenotype suggestive of MOGAD and is associated with a worse outcome. Taken together, these data suggest a clinical interest in assessing CSF MOG-Abs in patients with a phenotype suggestive of MOGAD, regardless of the MOG-Abs serostatus.
Indexed as
Aquaporin 4Multiple SclerosisAutoantibodiesFemaleHumansMaleMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinRetrospective StudiesAquaporin 4AutoantibodiesMyelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
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