ArticleDiving and hyperbaric medicine2022
Agreement between ultrasonic bubble grades using a handheld self-positioning Doppler product and 2D cardiac ultrasound.
Article in Diving and hyperbaric medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Agreement of precordial and subclavian Doppler ultrasound venous gas emboli grades in a large diving data set.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2025Article
- Decompression illness: a comprehensive overview.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2024Article
- Commentary on Plogmark, et al. Agreement between ultrasonic bubble grades using a handheld self-positioning Doppler product and 2D cardiac ultrasound.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIntravascular bubble load after decompression can be detected and scored using ultrasound techniques that measure venous gas emboli (VGE). The aim of this study was to analyse the agreement between ultrasonic bubble grades from a handheld self-positioning product, the O'Dive™, and cardiac 2D ultrasound after decompression.
methodsVGE were graded with both bilateral subclavian vein Doppler ultrasound (modified Spencer scale) and 2D cardiac images (Eftedal Brubakk scale). Agreement was analysed using weighted kappa (Kw). Analysis with Kw was made for all paired grades, including measurements with and without zero grades, and for each method's highest grades after each dive.
resultsA total of 152 dives yielded 1,113 paired measurements. The Kw agreement between ultrasound VGE grades produced by cardiac 2D images and those from the O'Dive was 'fair'; when zero grades were excluded the agreement was 'poor'. The O'Dive was found to have a lower sensitivity to detect VGE compared to 2D cardiac image scoring.
conclusionsCompared to 2D cardiac image ultrasound, the O'Dive yielded generally lower VGE grades, which resulted in a low level of agreement (fair to poor) with Kw.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.