Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2022
Low-dose IL-2 improved clinical symptoms by restoring reduced regulatory T cells in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review on early clinical evidence for immune-resolution therapies and potential benefits to patients and healthcare providers.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of short-term and low-dose IL-2 combined with tocilizumab to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- The neuroimmune network in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: from mechanistic insights to biomarker-guided immunotherapies and clinical translation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cell induction strategies and applications in the treatment of immune and non-immune diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Low-dose IL-2 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in Rats by Restoring the CD4-positive Helper T-cell Balance Via the JAK/STAT5 Pathway.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Th17/Treg axis: a key to understanding and treating autoimmune disorders.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cell therapy in autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases: from basic research to clinical practice and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Kinase signaling in the control of regulatory T cell function: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cell therapy in solid organ transplantation: mechanisms, translational progress, and remaining barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circulating cytokines as potential dynamic biomarkers of PD-1 blockade response and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Low-dose IL-2 restores Tfh/Tfr imbalance and modulates B cell subset distribution in the pre-arthritis phase of the collagen-induced arthritis model.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota and metabolites on regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The 'TNature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Metabolic reprogramming as a therapeutic target for modulating the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of novel nano micelle based curcumin in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2024Article
- Smoking and osteoimmunology: Understanding the interplay between bone metabolism and immune homeostasis.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Review
- Review
- Efficacy, Safety and the Lymphocyte Subset Changes of Low-Dose IL-2 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Augmenting regulatory T cells: new therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been found to play crucial roles in immune tolerance. However, the status of Tregs in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still unclear. Moreover, low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been reported to selectively promote the expansion of Tregs. This study investigated the status of CD4 Methods: The absolute number of CD4 Results: A decrease in the absolute number of PB CD4 Tregs rather than the increase in the number of Th17 was found to contribute to an imbalance between Th17 and CD4 Tregs in these patients, suggesting an essential role of CD4 Tregs in sustained high disease activity. Low-dose IL-2 selectively increased the number of CD4 Tregs and rebalanced the ratio of Th17 and CD4 Tregs, leading to increased clinical symptom remission without the observed side effects. Conclusions: An absolute decrease of PB CD4 Tregs in patients with refractory RA was associated with continuing disease activation but not the increase of Th17 cells. Low-dose IL-2, a potential therapeutic candidate, restored decreased CD4 Tregs and promoted the rapid remission of patients with refractory RA without overtreatment and the observed side effects. Clinical trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13909, identifier ChiCTR-INR-16009546.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.