ArticleToxicon: X2023
Antivenom availability, delays and use in Australia.
Article in Toxicon: X, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid, label-free surface plasmon resonance discrimination between Bothrops and Crotalus venoms using clinical antivenom as the capture reagent.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Mapping Evidence on the Regulations Affecting the Accessibility, Availability, and Management of Snake Antivenom Globally: A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Glycopolymer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- Clinical challenges, controversies, and regional strategies in snakebite care in India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of late and very late antivenom administration on recovery from snakebite-induced coagulopathy in French Guiana: a population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Biomarkers in Snakebite: Will This be a Reality in Near Future?Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological investigation of venomous snakebites in Yunnan Province.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Review
- Article
- The Chinese guideline for management of snakebites.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Considerations for the development of a field-based medical device for the administration of adjunctive therapies for snakebite envenoming.Toxicon: X · 2023Article
- Special issue editorial: Resource mapping for the management of snakebite envenomation.Toxicon: X · 2023Article
- Towards better antivenoms: navigating the road to new types of snakebite envenoming therapies.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Current Status and Influencing Factors of Snakebite Diagnosis and Treatment Knowledge Among Medical Staff in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antivenom is the main treatment for snake envenoming and there are ongoing concerns about availability in resource poor regions of the world. However, effective antivenom treatment for snake envenoming requires more than improved availability of safe and efficacious antivenoms. Most importantly, antivenom must be administered as early as possible, and within 2-6 h of the bite in Australia. At the same time, it is also important that antivenom not be given to all patients indiscriminately with a suspected snakebite, because of the risk of anaphylaxis. Delays in the administration of antivenom are a significant impediment to effective antivenom treatment and can be divided into pre-hospital and in-hospital delays. These range from delays due to remoteness of snakebite, to delays in diagnosis and administration of antivenom once in hospital. In Australia, antivenom is readily available in most hospitals, and a large portion of patients present to hospital within 2 h of the bite. However, there is on average a further delay of 2.5 h before antivenom is administered. Early diagnosis with accurate bedside tests and rapid clinical assessment of patients with snakebite are key to improving the effective use of antivenom.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.